@inproceedings{b5a4acae115e4e958b8ace563bb9f885,
title = "Yttrium-doped zinc oxide as a terawatt-scale transparent conducting oxide",
abstract = "The desirable features of an ideal transparent conducting oxide for terawatt-scale solar cells include abundant raw materials, low cost, high performance, and low process temperature. In this paper we examine all the Group IIIA and IIIB elements as potential n-type dopants for ZnO and suggest yttrium as an ideal dopant for this purpose. Experimental results on electrodeposited yttrium-doped ZnO are presented. The lowest resistivity in yttrium-doped ZnO is 6.3×10-5 Ω-cm, while the average resistivity is ∼2×10-4 Ω-cm. The maximum process temperature is 300°C. The transmittance of yttrium-doped ZnO is ∼80%. Thermal stability of yttrium-doped ZnO is also investigated. It has a real chance to become an industry standard transparent conducting oxide for terawatt-scale solar cells, as its performance is comparable to indium tin oxide, its deposition is solution-based, and yttrium is abundant.",
author = "Meng Tao and Xiaofei Han",
year = "2010",
doi = "10.1149/1.3553343",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9781607682233",
series = "ECS Transactions",
publisher = "Electrochemical Society Inc.",
number = "17",
pages = "13--22",
booktitle = "Photovoltaics for the 21st Century 6\",
edition = "17",
note = "Photovoltaics for the 21st Century 6 - 218th ECS Meeting ; Conference date: 10-10-2010 Through 15-10-2010",
}