@article{d15c8fc64f104a508932c17f8f47422e,
title = "'Where's the map?': integrating ethnography with maps to understand the complementarity between pastoral mobility and border formation",
abstract = "The resettlement of herders in pastoral zones is often criticized for hindering pastoral mobility, which is essential to survival. We integrate narratives of conflict and environmental change with maps to demonstrate the complementarity between pastoral mobility – porous borders – and border demarcation – rigid borders. We use evidence from the Sondr{\'e}-Est Pastoral Zone in southern Burkina Faso, where herders were voluntarily resettled near agricultural villages following the droughts of the 1970s. Over time, however, farmers encroached on the borders of the pastoral zone and surrounding grazing areas declined. This increased land-use disputes. Tensions were exacerbated by the fact that these communities kept maps as community secrets. We re-created the administrative boundaries of the pastoral zone to map land-use/land-cover changes and conflict hot spots. The maps show that conflicts happened along porous borders where agricultural fields encroached. Herders called for a clear demarcation of the border of the pastoral zone to preserve exclusive access to resources within it. Simultaneously, they also wanted to maintain shared access to other resources outside the pastoral zone. The herders' desire for both border clarity and some form of flexibility underlines the complementary between both processes, especially in times of resource scarcity and land-use conflict. The mystery around the maps helps sustain ambiguity that is key for pursuing both goals.",
keywords = "Burkina Faso, GIS, Sahel, farmer-herder border conflicts, land-use and land-cover change, pastoral mobility",
author = "N{\'e}bi{\'e}, {Elisabeth Kago Ilboudo} and West, {Colin Thor} and Crane, {Todd Andrew}",
note = "Funding Information: La r{\'e}installation des {\'e}leveurs dans les zones pastorales est souvent per{\c c}ue comme {\'e}tant une entrave {\`a} la mobilit{\'e} pastorale, essentielle {\`a} la survie dans le Sahel. Nous associons les r{\'e}cits sur les conflits et changements environnementaux {\`a} des cartes pour d{\'e}montrer la compl{\'e}mentarit{\'e} entre la mobilit{\'e} pastorale – n{\'e}cessitant des fronti{\`e}res poreuses - et la d{\'e}marcation des fronti{\`e}res – imposant des fronti{\`e}res rigides. Nous utilisons comme exemple la zone pastorale de Sondr{\'e}-Est dans le sud du Burkina Faso, o{\`u} les {\'e}leveurs ont {\'e}t{\'e} volontairement r{\'e}install{\'e}s pr{\`e}s des villages agricoles {\`a} la suite des grandes s{\'e}cheresses des ann{\'e}es 1970. Au fil du temps, 1 Dr. Elisabeth Kago Ilboudo N{\'e}bi{\'e}, postdoctoral research scientist, International Research Institute for Climate and Society (Earth Institute) and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA. Email: ilboudo_nebie {"}at{"} iri.columbia.edu. Dr. Colin Thor West, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, UNC Chapel Hill, USA. Email: ctw {"}at{"} email.unc.edu. Dr. Todd Crane, Climate Adaptation Scientist, International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya. Email: t.crane {"}at{"} cgiar.org. We would like to thank the reviewers and acknowledge funding from ILRI and World Agroforestry Center, Wenner-Gren Foundation, PEO International, the Norman Borlaug Leadership Enhancement in Agriculture Research Program, and the Graduate School and the Initiative for Minority Excellence at UNC Chapel Hill. The Carolina Population Center at UNC Chapel Hill provided general support through its NIH Center grant (P2C HD050924). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.2458/v27i1.23152",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "27",
pages = "795--818",
journal = "Journal of Political Ecology",
issn = "1073-0451",
publisher = "Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology",
number = "1",
}