TY - JOUR
T1 - Using the Expectation Maximization Algorithm to Estimate Coefficient Alpha for Scales with Item-Level Missing Data
AU - Enders, Craig K.
PY - 2003/9/1
Y1 - 2003/9/1
N2 - A 2-step approach for obtaining internal consistency reliability estimates with item-level missing data is outlined. In the 1st step, a covariance matrix and mean vector are obtained using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. In the 2nd step, reliability analyses are carried out in the usual fashion using the EM covariance matrix as input. A Monte Carlo simulation examined the impact of 6 variables (scale length, response categories, item correlations, sample size, missing data, and missing data technique) on 3 different outcomes: estimation bias, mean errors, and confidence interval coverage. The 2-step approach using EM consistently yielded the most accurate reliability estimates and produced coverage rates close to the advertised 95% rate. An easy method of implementing the procedure is outlined.
AB - A 2-step approach for obtaining internal consistency reliability estimates with item-level missing data is outlined. In the 1st step, a covariance matrix and mean vector are obtained using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. In the 2nd step, reliability analyses are carried out in the usual fashion using the EM covariance matrix as input. A Monte Carlo simulation examined the impact of 6 variables (scale length, response categories, item correlations, sample size, missing data, and missing data technique) on 3 different outcomes: estimation bias, mean errors, and confidence interval coverage. The 2-step approach using EM consistently yielded the most accurate reliability estimates and produced coverage rates close to the advertised 95% rate. An easy method of implementing the procedure is outlined.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0142073292&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0142073292&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1037/1082-989X.8.3.322
DO - 10.1037/1082-989X.8.3.322
M3 - Article
C2 - 14596494
AN - SCOPUS:0142073292
SN - 1082-989X
VL - 8
SP - 322
EP - 337
JO - Psychological Methods
JF - Psychological Methods
IS - 3
ER -