Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration

Lawrence E. Armstrong; Jorge A. Herrera Soto; Frank T. Hacker; Douglas J. Casa; Stavros A. Kavouras; Carl M. Maresh

doi:10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345

Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration

Lawrence E. Armstrong, Jorge A. Herrera Soto, Frank T. Hacker, Douglas J. Casa, Stavros A. Kavouras, Carl M. Maresh

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

326 Scopus citations

Abstract

This investigation evaluated the validity and sensitivity of urine color (U_col), specific gravity (U_sg), and osmolality (U_osm) as indices of hydration status, by comparing them to changes in body water. Nine highly trained males underwent a 42-hr protocol involving dehydration to 3.7% of body mass (Day 1, -2.64 kg), cycling to exhaustion (Day 2, -5.2% of body mass, -3.68 kg), and oral rehydration for 21 hr. The ranges of mean (across time) blood and urine values were U_col, 1-7; U_sg, 1.004-1.029; U_osm, 117-1,081 mOsm · kg^-1; and plasma osmolality (P_osm), 280-298 mOsm · kg^-1. Urine color tracked changes in body water as effectively as (or better than) U_osm, U_sg, urine volume, P_osm, plasma sodium, and plasma total protein. We concluded that (a) U_col, U_osm, and U_sg are valid indices of hydration status, and (b) marked dehydration, exercise, and rehydration had little effect on the validity and sensitivity of these indices.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	345-355
Number of pages	11
Journal	International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Volume	8
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345
State	Published - Dec 1998
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Osmolality
Plasma
Sodium
Specific gravity
Sweat
Urine color

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine (miscellaneous)
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Nutrition and Dietetics

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10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345

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title = "Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration",

abstract = "This investigation evaluated the validity and sensitivity of urine color (Ucol), specific gravity (Usg), and osmolality (Uosm) as indices of hydration status, by comparing them to changes in body water. Nine highly trained males underwent a 42-hr protocol involving dehydration to 3.7% of body mass (Day 1, -2.64 kg), cycling to exhaustion (Day 2, -5.2% of body mass, -3.68 kg), and oral rehydration for 21 hr. The ranges of mean (across time) blood and urine values were Ucol, 1-7; Usg, 1.004-1.029; Uosm, 117-1,081 mOsm · kg-1; and plasma osmolality (Posm), 280-298 mOsm · kg-1. Urine color tracked changes in body water as effectively as (or better than) Uosm, Usg, urine volume, Posm, plasma sodium, and plasma total protein. We concluded that (a) Ucol, Uosm, and Usg are valid indices of hydration status, and (b) marked dehydration, exercise, and rehydration had little effect on the validity and sensitivity of these indices.",

keywords = "Osmolality, Plasma, Sodium, Specific gravity, Sweat, Urine color",

author = "Armstrong, {Lawrence E.} and {Herrera Soto}, {Jorge A.} and Hacker, {Frank T.} and Casa, {Douglas J.} and Kavouras, {Stavros A.} and Maresh, {Carl M.}",

year = "1998",

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doi = "10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Armstrong, Lawrence E.

AU - Herrera Soto, Jorge A.

AU - Hacker, Frank T.

AU - Casa, Douglas J.

AU - Kavouras, Stavros A.

AU - Maresh, Carl M.

PY - 1998/12

Y1 - 1998/12

N2 - This investigation evaluated the validity and sensitivity of urine color (Ucol), specific gravity (Usg), and osmolality (Uosm) as indices of hydration status, by comparing them to changes in body water. Nine highly trained males underwent a 42-hr protocol involving dehydration to 3.7% of body mass (Day 1, -2.64 kg), cycling to exhaustion (Day 2, -5.2% of body mass, -3.68 kg), and oral rehydration for 21 hr. The ranges of mean (across time) blood and urine values were Ucol, 1-7; Usg, 1.004-1.029; Uosm, 117-1,081 mOsm · kg-1; and plasma osmolality (Posm), 280-298 mOsm · kg-1. Urine color tracked changes in body water as effectively as (or better than) Uosm, Usg, urine volume, Posm, plasma sodium, and plasma total protein. We concluded that (a) Ucol, Uosm, and Usg are valid indices of hydration status, and (b) marked dehydration, exercise, and rehydration had little effect on the validity and sensitivity of these indices.

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KW - Specific gravity

KW - Sweat

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Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration

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Keywords

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