@inproceedings{e09f6a2f552d41b9a78ef7495129970e,
title = "Reactive silver ink as front contacts for high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells",
abstract = "Low-resistance Ohmic contacts formed at low temperatures expand photovoltaic device opportunities to include thermally sensitive layers while reducing thermal budget during fabrication. Silicon heterojunction solar cells cannot be processed over ∼200°C because of temperature-induced degradation of surface passivation provided by hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Efficiencies of these cells are limited by high series resistance, which primarily arises from the use of relatively high-resistivity silver paste contacts that are formed at low-temperature. We report the formation of highly conductive contacts by drop-on-demand printing of reactive silver inks at low temperatures between 50 and 110°C, resulting in resistivities approaching that of bulk silver. Reactive silver ink printed as a front grid on a silicon heterojunction solar cell resulted in a cell series resistance of 1.8Ω cm2 compared to 1.1Ω cm2 for a cell screen printed with low-temperature silver paste. These results show that, before optimization, reactive silver ink contacts perform comparably to pastes that have been custom developed and commercialized for this specific application.",
keywords = "contacts, drop-on-demand printing, metallization, silver",
author = "Jeffries, {April M.} and Avinash Mamidanna and Laura Ding and Owen Hildreth and Mariana Bertoni",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.; 43rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2016 ; Conference date: 05-06-2016 Through 10-06-2016",
year = "2016",
month = nov,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1109/PVSC.2016.7749975",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "1984--1988",
booktitle = "2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2016",
}