Proposed tools and capabilities for proactive multi-building load management: Part 2 - Aggregated operation

ASHRAE Research Project 1146, "Building Operation and Dynamics Within an Aggregated Load," was meant to (a) identify situations under which aggregating individual building loads is attractive for managing total, multi-building loads and (b) identify and evaluate operating and control strategies for use in individual buildings that will reduce energy operating costs at the aggregate level by taking advantage of the diversity in demand among buildings. Tasks undertaken in the first of two phases involved an extended background study on electric utility aggregation, a detailed description of three case-study sites where multi-building load aggregation and subsequent energy management strategies were performed, and a summary of the lessons learned from the case studies. The second phase of the work developed a list of 11 proposed tools that could be used by aggregators and their customers to control the aggregate load. This paper describes the functionality of proposed tools 5-11, which concern optimal operation of the aggregate of buildings and the management of load, electrical power, and financial data.