Precessing vortex breakdown mode in an enclosed cylinder flow

The flow in a cylinder driven by the rotation of one endwall for height to radius ratios around three is examined. Previous experimental observations suggest that the first mode of instability is a precession of the central vortex core, whereas a recent linear stability analysis to general three-dimensional perturbations suggests a Hopf bifurcation to a rotating wave at lower rotation rates than those where the precession mode was first detected. Here, this apparent discrepancy is resolved with the aid of fully nonlinear three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computations.