TY - JOUR
T1 - Photocatalytic inactivation of viruses using titanium dioxide nanoparticles and low-pressure UV light
AU - Gerrity, Daniel
AU - Ryu, Hodon
AU - Crittenden, John
AU - Abbaszadegan, Morteza
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by The Henry Schueler 41&9 Foundation in conjunction with Partnership for Cures, the St. Baldrick's Foundation, US National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant RC4CA156329, US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants CA21765 and U01 GM92666, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Gertrude B. Elion Cancer Research Award and the American Lebanese and Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. L.H. is an American Society of Hematology Scholar. C.G.M. is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences and a St. Baldrick's Scholar.
PY - 2008/9
Y1 - 2008/9
N2 - The carcinogenic potential of chlorine disinfection by-products and recent changes in water quality regulations have led to a greater emphasis on alternative disinfection mechanisms. In this study, the efficacy of bench-scale and pilot-scale titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic disinfection was explored using four bacteriophages (MS2, PRD1, phi-X174, and fr). The optimized bench-scale experiments indicated that 1 mg/L of Degussa P25 TiO2 irradiated by low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) light reduced the dose requirements for viral inactivation in comparison to UV light alone. The highest UV dose reductions for 4-log inactivation of PRD1, MS2, phi-X174, and fr were 19%, 15%, 6%, and 0%, respectively. Bench-scale photocatalysis was inhibited by limited adsorption of the viruses onto the TiO2 nanoparticles, as indicated by the poor results for high TiO2 concentrations. Subsequently, pilot-scale experiments were completed using the Photo-Cat Lab from Purifics. The annular reactor configuration and increased viral adsorption dramatically improved photocatalytic inactivation for samples with high TiO2 concentrations. Using the Photo-Cat Lab, 2-log inactivation of the bacteriophages was achieved with 400 mg/L of Degussa P25 TiO2 and a UV dose of approximately 34 mJ/cm2 (energy consumption of 0.33 kWh/m3) - a 700-fold decrease in energy use compared to bench-scale photocatalysis.
AB - The carcinogenic potential of chlorine disinfection by-products and recent changes in water quality regulations have led to a greater emphasis on alternative disinfection mechanisms. In this study, the efficacy of bench-scale and pilot-scale titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic disinfection was explored using four bacteriophages (MS2, PRD1, phi-X174, and fr). The optimized bench-scale experiments indicated that 1 mg/L of Degussa P25 TiO2 irradiated by low-pressure ultraviolet (UV) light reduced the dose requirements for viral inactivation in comparison to UV light alone. The highest UV dose reductions for 4-log inactivation of PRD1, MS2, phi-X174, and fr were 19%, 15%, 6%, and 0%, respectively. Bench-scale photocatalysis was inhibited by limited adsorption of the viruses onto the TiO2 nanoparticles, as indicated by the poor results for high TiO2 concentrations. Subsequently, pilot-scale experiments were completed using the Photo-Cat Lab from Purifics. The annular reactor configuration and increased viral adsorption dramatically improved photocatalytic inactivation for samples with high TiO2 concentrations. Using the Photo-Cat Lab, 2-log inactivation of the bacteriophages was achieved with 400 mg/L of Degussa P25 TiO2 and a UV dose of approximately 34 mJ/cm2 (energy consumption of 0.33 kWh/m3) - a 700-fold decrease in energy use compared to bench-scale photocatalysis.
KW - Disinfection
KW - MS2
KW - PRD1
KW - Photocatalysis
KW - Titanium dioxide
KW - UV
KW - fr
KW - phi-X174
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U2 - 10.1080/10934520802177813
DO - 10.1080/10934520802177813
M3 - Article
C2 - 18642149
AN - SCOPUS:47749096386
SN - 1093-4529
VL - 43
SP - 1261
EP - 1270
JO - Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
IS - 11
ER -