Abstract
Background: Partially hydrogenated fat has an unfavorable effect on cardiovascular disease risk. Palm oil is a potential substitute because of favorable physical characteristics. Objective: We assessed the effect of palm oil on lipoprotein profiles compared with the effects of both partially hydrogenated fat and oils high in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Design: Fifteen volunteers aged ≥50 y with LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL were provided with food for each of 4 diets (35 d/phase) varying in type of fat (partially hydrogenated soybean, soybean, palm, or canola; two-thirds fat, 20% of energy). Plasma fatty acid profiles, lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), glucose, insulin, HDL subfractions, and indicators of lipoprotein metabolism (HDL-cholesterol fractional esterification rate, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, phospholipid transfer protein, and paraoxonase activities) were measured at the end of each phase. Results: Plasma fatty acid profiles reflected the main source of dietary fat. Partially hydrogenated soybean and palm oils resulted in higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did soybean (12% and 14%, respectively; P < 0.05) and canola (16% and 18%; P < 0.05) oils. Apolipoprotein B (P < 0.05) and A-I (P < 0.05) concentrations mirrored the pattern of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, respectively. No significant effect on the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio was observed for palm oil compared with the other dietary fats. HDL3 cholesterol was higher after palm oil than after partially hydrogenated and soybean oils (P < 0.05). Differences in measures of glucose and HDL intravascular processing attributable to dietary fat were small. Conclusion: Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils, compared with soybean and canola oils, adversely altered the lipoprotein profile in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects without significantly affecting HDL intravascular processing markers.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 54-62 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
Volume | 84 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 1 2006 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
- Glucose
- HDL cholesterol
- Insulin
- LDL cholesterol
- Lipoproteins
- Palm oil
- Partially hydrogenated soybean oil
- Phospholipid transfer protein
- trans fatty acids
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Nutrition and Dietetics