@article{caf7afb723c34f958d69602e5ef1c94f,
title = "Nutrient prediction for tef (Eragrostis tef) plant and grain with hyperspectral data and partial least squares regression: Replicating methods and results across environments",
abstract = "Achieving reproducibility and replication (R&R) of scientific results is tantamount for science to progress, and it is also necessary for ensuring the self-correcting mechanism of the scientific method. Topics of R&R have sailed to the forefront of research agenda in many fields recently but have received less attention in remote sensing in general and specifically for studies utilizing hyperspectral data. Given the extremely local environments in which many hyperspectral studies are conducted (e.g., agricultural field plots), purposeful attention to the repeatability of findings across study locales can help ensure methods are generalizable. This study undertakes an investigation of the nutrient content of tef (Eragrostis tef ), an understudied plant that is growing in importance due to both food and forage benefits, but does so within the context of the replicability of methods and findings across two study sites situated in different international and environmental contexts. The aims are to (1) determine whether calcium, magnesium, and protein of both the plant and grain can be predicted using hyperspectral data with partial least squares (PLS) regression with waveband selection, and (2) compare the replicability of models across differing environments. Results suggest the method can produce high nutrient prediction accuracy for both the plant and grain in individual environments, but selection of wavebands for nutrient prediction was not comparable across study areas. The findings suggest that the method must be calibrated in each location, thereby reducing the potential to extrapolate methods to different areas. Our findings highlight the need for greater attention to methods and results replication in remote sensing, specifically hyperspectral analyses, in order for scientific findings to be repeatable beyond the plot level.",
keywords = "Eagrostis tef, Ethiopia, Hyperspectral, Partial least squares, Replicability, Reproducibility, Waveband selection",
author = "Flynn, {Colton C.K.} and Frazier, {Amy E.} and Sintayehu Admas",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the many that supported this research including the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute for hosting and supporting the research/field work, Oklahoma State University{\textquoteright}s Soil, Water, and Forage Analytical Laboratory and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute of Addis Ababa for providing the required nutrient analyses, Kensuke Kawamura for sharing his partial least square regression with waveband selection code, and the Fulbright U.S. Student Scholars Program for providing fiscal support. Special thanks also to Dejene Dida, Tariku Geda, Thiago Souza, Nathalia Gratchet, Andy Han, and Emily Ellis for their support and aid in field and laboratory experiments. Moreover, we would like to thank the editors for their time and consideration of the manuscript. USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. Funding Information: This research received no external funding. The authors would like to thank the many that supported this research including the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute for hosting and supporting the research/field work, Oklahoma State University's Soil, Water, and Forage Analytical Laboratory and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute of Addis Ababa for providing the required nutrient analyses, Kensuke Kawamura for sharing his partial least square regression with waveband selection code, and the Fulbright U.S. Student Scholars Program for providing fiscal support. Special thanks also to Dejene Dida, Tariku Geda, Thiago Souza, Nathalia Gratchet, Andy Han, and Emily Ellis for their support and aid in field and laboratory experiments. Moreover, we would like to thank the editors for their time and consideration of the manuscript. USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3390/RS12182867",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
journal = "Remote Sensing",
issn = "2072-4292",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "18",
}