@article{9aa92f6476c44cd5ae9abead3c17e26a,
title = "Molecular Definition of Breast Tumor Heterogeneity",
abstract = "Cells with distinct phenotypes including stem-cell-like properties have been proposed to exist in normal human mammary epithelium and breast carcinomas, but their detailed molecular characteristics and clinical significance are unclear. We determined gene expression and genetic profiles of cells purified from cancerous and normal breast tissue using markers previously associated with stem-cell-like properties. CD24+ and CD44+ cells from individual tumors were clonally related but not always identical. CD44+ cell-specific genes included many known stem-cell markers and correlated with decreased patient survival. The TGF-β pathway was specifically active in CD44+ cancer cells, where its inhibition induced a more epithelial phenotype. Our data suggest prognostic relevance of CD44+ cells and therapeutic targeting of distinct tumor cell populations.",
keywords = "CELLCYCLE",
author = "Michail Shipitsin and Campbell, {Lauren L.} and Pedram Argani and Stanislawa Weremowicz and Noga Bloushtain-Qimron and Jun Yao and Tatiana Nikolskaya and Tatiana Serebryiskaya and Rameen Beroukhim and Min Hu and Halushka, {Marc K.} and Saraswati Sukumar and Parker, {Leroy M.} and Anderson, {Karen S.} and Harris, {Lyndsay N.} and Garber, {Judy E.} and Richardson, {Andrea L.} and Schnitt, {Stuart J.} and Yuri Nikolsky and Gelman, {Rebecca S.} and Kornelia Polyak",
note = "Funding Information: We greatly appreciate the help of Diana Calogrias and Dr. Myles Brown with the acquisition of human tissue samples and Natasha Pliss with immunohistochemical analyses. We thank Dr. Jonathan Yingling (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) for providing us with the TGFBR inhibitor; Drs. Ian Krop, Myles Brown, and Bert Vogelstein for their critical reading of the manuscript; and the Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada for SAGE library sequencing. This work was supported by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., NIH (CA89393 and CA94074) and DOD (DAMD17-02-1-0692 and W8IXWH-04-1-0452) grants awarded to K.P., and a DOD (BCO30054) grant awarded to S.S. and P.A. K.P. receives research support from and is a consultant to Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. K.P. also receives research support from Biogen-Idec and is a consultant to Aveo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ",
year = "2007",
month = mar,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1016/j.ccr.2007.01.013",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
pages = "259--273",
journal = "Cancer Cell",
issn = "1535-6108",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "3",
}