Injector for scattering measurements on fully solvated biospecies

Uwe Weierstall; John Spence; R. B. Doak

doi:10.1063/1.3693040

Injector for scattering measurements on fully solvated biospecies

Uwe Weierstall, John Spence, R. B. Doak

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

190 Scopus citations

Abstract

We describe a liquid jet injector system developed to deliver fully solvated microscopic target species into a probe beam under either vacuum or ambient conditions. The injector was designed specifically for x-ray scattering studies of biological nanospecies using x-ray free electron lasers and third generation synchrotrons, but is of interest to any application in which microscopic samples must be delivered in a fully solvated state and with microscopic precision. By utilizing a gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) to generate a sample-containing liquid jet of diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 m, the injector avoids the clogging problems associated in this size range with conventional Rayleigh jets. A differential pumping system incorporated into the injector shields the experimental chamber from the gas load of the GDVN, making the injector compatible with high vacuum systems. The injector houses a fiber-optically coupled pump laser to illuminate the jet for pump-probe experiments and a hermetically sealed microscope to observe the liquid jet for diagnostics and alignment during operation. This injector system has now been used during several experimental runs at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Recent refinements in GDVN design are also presented.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	035108
Journal	Review of Scientific Instruments
Volume	83
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3693040
State	Published - Mar 2012

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Instrumentation

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10.1063/1.3693040

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@article{1cda165f31d448c6b2d677e03d9281d2,

title = "Injector for scattering measurements on fully solvated biospecies",

abstract = "We describe a liquid jet injector system developed to deliver fully solvated microscopic target species into a probe beam under either vacuum or ambient conditions. The injector was designed specifically for x-ray scattering studies of biological nanospecies using x-ray free electron lasers and third generation synchrotrons, but is of interest to any application in which microscopic samples must be delivered in a fully solvated state and with microscopic precision. By utilizing a gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) to generate a sample-containing liquid jet of diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 m, the injector avoids the clogging problems associated in this size range with conventional Rayleigh jets. A differential pumping system incorporated into the injector shields the experimental chamber from the gas load of the GDVN, making the injector compatible with high vacuum systems. The injector houses a fiber-optically coupled pump laser to illuminate the jet for pump-probe experiments and a hermetically sealed microscope to observe the liquid jet for diagnostics and alignment during operation. This injector system has now been used during several experimental runs at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Recent refinements in GDVN design are also presented.",

author = "Uwe Weierstall and John Spence and Doak, {R. B.}",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (award MCB 0919195 and 1120997). Experiments with the injector were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Advanced Light Source (ALS), both National User Facilities operated respectively by Stanford University and the University of California on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge support from the DOE through the PULSE Institute at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) and LCLS provided 3D CAD drawings of their vacuum chambers used in Figs. 8 and 9 . We are very grateful to Richard Flubacher and the machinists of the ASU Mechanical Instrument Shop, particularly Robert Barling, for their tremendous skill in fabricating injector components. Howard Padmore, Experimental Systems Group Leader at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, kindly arranged fabrication of one injector component as a last minute job for our June 2010 LCLS run, and we are indebted to him for that assistance. ",

year = "2012",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1063/1.3693040",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "83",

journal = "Review of Scientific Instruments",

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T1 - Injector for scattering measurements on fully solvated biospecies

AU - Weierstall, Uwe

AU - Spence, John

AU - Doak, R. B.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (award MCB 0919195 and 1120997). Experiments with the injector were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Advanced Light Source (ALS), both National User Facilities operated respectively by Stanford University and the University of California on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge support from the DOE through the PULSE Institute at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) and LCLS provided 3D CAD drawings of their vacuum chambers used in Figs. 8 and 9 . We are very grateful to Richard Flubacher and the machinists of the ASU Mechanical Instrument Shop, particularly Robert Barling, for their tremendous skill in fabricating injector components. Howard Padmore, Experimental Systems Group Leader at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, kindly arranged fabrication of one injector component as a last minute job for our June 2010 LCLS run, and we are indebted to him for that assistance.

PY - 2012/3

Y1 - 2012/3

N2 - We describe a liquid jet injector system developed to deliver fully solvated microscopic target species into a probe beam under either vacuum or ambient conditions. The injector was designed specifically for x-ray scattering studies of biological nanospecies using x-ray free electron lasers and third generation synchrotrons, but is of interest to any application in which microscopic samples must be delivered in a fully solvated state and with microscopic precision. By utilizing a gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) to generate a sample-containing liquid jet of diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 m, the injector avoids the clogging problems associated in this size range with conventional Rayleigh jets. A differential pumping system incorporated into the injector shields the experimental chamber from the gas load of the GDVN, making the injector compatible with high vacuum systems. The injector houses a fiber-optically coupled pump laser to illuminate the jet for pump-probe experiments and a hermetically sealed microscope to observe the liquid jet for diagnostics and alignment during operation. This injector system has now been used during several experimental runs at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Recent refinements in GDVN design are also presented.

AB - We describe a liquid jet injector system developed to deliver fully solvated microscopic target species into a probe beam under either vacuum or ambient conditions. The injector was designed specifically for x-ray scattering studies of biological nanospecies using x-ray free electron lasers and third generation synchrotrons, but is of interest to any application in which microscopic samples must be delivered in a fully solvated state and with microscopic precision. By utilizing a gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) to generate a sample-containing liquid jet of diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 m, the injector avoids the clogging problems associated in this size range with conventional Rayleigh jets. A differential pumping system incorporated into the injector shields the experimental chamber from the gas load of the GDVN, making the injector compatible with high vacuum systems. The injector houses a fiber-optically coupled pump laser to illuminate the jet for pump-probe experiments and a hermetically sealed microscope to observe the liquid jet for diagnostics and alignment during operation. This injector system has now been used during several experimental runs at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Recent refinements in GDVN design are also presented.

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JO - Review of Scientific Instruments

JF - Review of Scientific Instruments

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ER -

Injector for scattering measurements on fully solvated biospecies

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