Hierarchical organization of female Macaca radiata in captivity

Females of several species of macaques form cohesive matrilineal units in which all members share a collective status. The relationship between rank and kinship in Macaca radiata has not previously been studied. Analysis of observations of social interactions in a large and stable captive group of M. radiata and longitudinal study of kinship and reproductive success indicate that with few exceptions a matrilineal dominance hierarchy exists in that group. Four young, upwardly mobile females are responsible for the exceptions. Contrary to the pattern noted in other species of macaques, several adult females outrank their daughters. Old age and deteriorating physical condition of mothers appear to be associated with mother-daughter rank reversals. The age and lineage size of females when they entered the group have had a lasting impact. Females who entered the group as adults have achieved higher rank and greater reproductive success than females who entered the group as juveniles without relatives.