@article{1627960d9dca4eb7a7be0cc113e7ed0c,
title = "Food refusal in an autistic type child treated by a multi-component forced feeding procedure",
abstract = "A multi-component forced feeding procedure involving shaping, negative reinforcement and the use of preferred foods for positive reinforcement was used to teach a five-year-old autistic type boy to accept a wide variety of foods. Following a baseline during which all solid foods were refused, the treatment within a multiple baseline design led to rapid acceptance of a number of foods in school and then at home. In cases where shaping and positive reinforcement alone are not possible because the child refuses to sample new foods, this forced feeding procedure may lead to significant improvement in eating behavior.",
author = "Ives, {Clifford C.} and Harris, {Sandra L.} and Wolchik, {Sharlene A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Prior to admission to our Center, Donny was enrolled in a similar program in a major university medical center. The staff there had undertaken a six-month intensive eating program using a shaping procedure with bottle feeding as reinforcement. Donny had progressed to spoon feeding himself a variety of strained foods. To reach this point it had been necessary to force feed Donny, sitting in a high chair, while he screamed, cried, turned his head, vomited, gagged, and refused to close his mouth on the spoon. No further progress was made because the psychiatric nurses, staff, and parents could not get Donny to chew or swallow solid foods. As a result, the ultimate target behaviors were never reinforced. For many reasons his parents had been unable to continue that program after six months and Donny soon reverted to Acknowledgement-Our thanks to Donny{\textquoteright}s parents for their unfailing effort and to Susan Clausen, Barbara Morrongiello, Karen Pitek, Elaine Quay, Francine Rosenberg, Nanette Soffen, Karen Wayne and Debbte Wtnters who were his tutors during the treatment procedure. Support for this research came in part from a grant by the Charles and Johanna Busch Memorial Fund and from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 29887-01) to the second author. Requests for reprints should be sent to: Clifford C. Ives, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.",
year = "1978",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/0005-7916(78)90090-3",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
pages = "61--64",
journal = "Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry",
issn = "0005-7916",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
number = "1",
}