Fabrication of triple cation perovskite solar cells using different post-spin coating anti-solvent treatments

One-step-antisolvent treatment is one of the most viable methods to increase the nucleation density for fabricating high-quality triple cation perovskite films (TC-PVS). The active triple cation perovskite layer plays a significant role in influencing the solar cell’s efficiency. However, achieving a crack-free perovskite layer is still very challenging. This study considered an antisolvent-assisted crystallization method to achieve a high-quality perovskite film to address this issue. Isopropyl alcohol, toluene, chlorobenzene, and ethyl acetate (EA) assisted in the crystal formation of the perovskite layer, and TC-PVS devices were fabricated. Fabrication of TC-PVS device assisted by EA antisolvent in the volume ratio of 1:4 perovskite:antisolvent (400 µl of EA) gave the best performing device efficiency of 15.5% in an inverted structure device with polyethylene dioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonate) as the hole transport layer.