Efficiency and life cycle environmental impacts of ion-exchange regeneration using sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate salts

Engineering & Materials Science

• Ion exchange 86%
• Potassium chloride 84%
• Sodium 63%
• Environmental impact 59%
• Salts 57%
• Life cycle 53%
• Waste disposal 48%
• Negative ions 42%
• Resins 37%
• Sodium chloride 32%
• Potassium fertilizers 21%
• Nitrification 16%
• Soils 16%
• Alkalinity 13%
• Nitrates 12%
• Positive ions 12%
• Potassium 12%
• Wastewater treatment 12%
• Polystyrenes 11%
• Calcium 11%
• Chemical reactions 10%
• Ions 9%
• Sustainable development 9%

Chemical Compounds

• Biogeochemical Cycle 100%
• Chloride Salt 76%
• Anion Exchange Resin 72%
• Potassium Salt 71%
• Sodium Salt 61%
• Soil Structure 37%
• Nitrification 31%
• Fertilizer 25%
• Cation Exchange Resin 24%
• Chloride 24%
• Mining 23%
• Wastewater Treatment 20%
• Soil 17%
• Calcium(0) 15%
• Nitrate 15%
• Sodium Atom 13%
• Ion 8%
• Application 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• potassium chloride 81%
• bicarbonate 64%
• ion exchange 57%
• regeneration 54%
• life cycle 50%
• environmental impact 48%
• sodium 46%
• salt 43%
• resin 22%
• environmental burden 15%
• potassium fertilizer 9%
• chloride 9%
• literature study 8%
• soil structure 6%
• alkalinity 6%
• nitrification 5%
• potassium 5%
• wastewater treatment 5%
• calcium 4%
• sustainability 4%
• nitrate 4%
• demand 4%
• ion 3%
• chemical 3%
• soil 2%