TY - JOUR
T1 - E-cigarette use is associated with subsequent cigarette use among young adult non-smokers, over and above a range of antecedent risk factors
T2 - a propensity score analysis
AU - Epstein, Marina
AU - Bailey, Jennifer A.
AU - Kosterman, Rick
AU - Rhew, Isaac C.
AU - Furlong, Madeline
AU - Oesterle, Sabrina
AU - McCabe, Sean Esteban
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by research grants from the National Cancer Institute under awards R37CA225690 and R01CA203809, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under awards R01DA015183 and R01DA044522, with co‐funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. S.S.McC. is a paid consultant for award R37CA225690. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01088542
Funding Information:
This work was supported by research grants from the National Cancer Institute under awards R37CA225690 and R01CA203809, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under awards R01DA015183 and R01DA044522, with co-funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. S.S.McC. is a paid consultant for award R37CA225690. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01088542
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Background and Aims: There is a public health concern that the use of e-cigarettes among non-smoking young adults could be associated with transition to combustible cigarette use. The current study is a quasi-experimental test of the relationship between e-cigarette use and subsequent combustible cigarette use among young adult non-smokers, accounting for a wide range of common risk factors. Design: Logistic regression was used to predict combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions at age 23 years based on age 21 e-cigarette use. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to account for confounding variables. Setting: Data were drawn from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a cohort study of youth recruited in 2003 in 24 rural communities in seven US. states. Participants: Youth in the CYDS study (n = 4407) were surveyed annually from ages 11 to 16, and at ages 18, 19, 21 and 23 years (in 2016). The sample was gender balanced (50% female) and ethnically diverse (20% Hispanic, 64% white, 3% black and 12% other race or ethnicity). The current study was limited to participants who had never used combustible cigarettes by age 21 (n = 1825). Measurements: Age 21 use of e-cigarettes and age 23 use of combustible cigarettes (three or more occasions) were included in the regression analysis. Age 11–19 measures of 22 common predictors of both e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use (e.g. pro-cigarette attitudes, peer smoking, family monitoring) were used to create IPWs. Findings: After applying IPW, e-cigarette use at age 21 was associated with a twofold increase in odds of combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions 2 years later (odds ratio = 2.16, confidence interval 1.23, 3.79). Conclusions: Among previously never-smoking US young adults, e-cigarette use appears to be strongly associated with subsequent combustible cigarette smoking, over and above measured preexisting risk factors.
AB - Background and Aims: There is a public health concern that the use of e-cigarettes among non-smoking young adults could be associated with transition to combustible cigarette use. The current study is a quasi-experimental test of the relationship between e-cigarette use and subsequent combustible cigarette use among young adult non-smokers, accounting for a wide range of common risk factors. Design: Logistic regression was used to predict combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions at age 23 years based on age 21 e-cigarette use. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to account for confounding variables. Setting: Data were drawn from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a cohort study of youth recruited in 2003 in 24 rural communities in seven US. states. Participants: Youth in the CYDS study (n = 4407) were surveyed annually from ages 11 to 16, and at ages 18, 19, 21 and 23 years (in 2016). The sample was gender balanced (50% female) and ethnically diverse (20% Hispanic, 64% white, 3% black and 12% other race or ethnicity). The current study was limited to participants who had never used combustible cigarettes by age 21 (n = 1825). Measurements: Age 21 use of e-cigarettes and age 23 use of combustible cigarettes (three or more occasions) were included in the regression analysis. Age 11–19 measures of 22 common predictors of both e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use (e.g. pro-cigarette attitudes, peer smoking, family monitoring) were used to create IPWs. Findings: After applying IPW, e-cigarette use at age 21 was associated with a twofold increase in odds of combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions 2 years later (odds ratio = 2.16, confidence interval 1.23, 3.79). Conclusions: Among previously never-smoking US young adults, e-cigarette use appears to be strongly associated with subsequent combustible cigarette smoking, over and above measured preexisting risk factors.
KW - Addiction
KW - combustible cigarettes
KW - electronic cigarettes
KW - propensity score analysis
KW - risk factors for smoking
KW - young adulthood
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U2 - 10.1111/add.15317
DO - 10.1111/add.15317
M3 - Article
C2 - 33140475
AN - SCOPUS:85100464959
VL - 116
SP - 1224
EP - 1232
JO - Addiction
JF - Addiction
SN - 0965-2140
IS - 5
ER -