TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclooxygenase-2 downregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat intestinal epithelial cells
AU - Kobayashi, O.
AU - Miwa, H.
AU - Watanabe, S.
AU - Tsujii, M.
AU - Dubois, R. N.
AU - Sato, N.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression has been demonstrated in inflamed intestinal mucosa. Although regulation of COX-2 and iNOS expression has been studied extensively, the interplay between these two enzymes remains unclear. Because they play crucial roles in inflammation and/or carcinogenesis, we investigated whether COX-2 regulates iNOS expression and evaluated the effects of COX-2 inhibitor and arachidonic acid (AA) on iNOS induction. The COX-2 gene coding region was stably transfected into rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE sense cells). After interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, iNOS and COX-2 expression was evaluated by Western blotting. PGE2 was measured by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Expression of IFN response factor-1, phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase-1 and -2, and Iκ-Bα was evaluated. Activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-KB (NF-κB) were examined by gel mobility shift assay; a supershift assay was performed to identify the NF-κB complex components. JTE-522 or AA was added before IFN-γ and LPS administration, and effects on iNOS and PGE2 induction were evaluated by Western blotting or EIA. iNOS protein and mRNA expression was inhibited in RIE sense cells. Although NF-κB activation was suppressed and Iκ-Ba protein was more stable, respectively, in RIE sense cells, no difference was noted in other transcription factors. JTE-522 increased iNOS protein expression in RIE cells. We conclude that COX-2 suppressed iNOS expression in RIE cells through suppression of NF-κB by stabilizing Iκ-Bα.
AB - Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression has been demonstrated in inflamed intestinal mucosa. Although regulation of COX-2 and iNOS expression has been studied extensively, the interplay between these two enzymes remains unclear. Because they play crucial roles in inflammation and/or carcinogenesis, we investigated whether COX-2 regulates iNOS expression and evaluated the effects of COX-2 inhibitor and arachidonic acid (AA) on iNOS induction. The COX-2 gene coding region was stably transfected into rat intestinal epithelial cells (RIE sense cells). After interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, iNOS and COX-2 expression was evaluated by Western blotting. PGE2 was measured by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Expression of IFN response factor-1, phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase-1 and -2, and Iκ-Bα was evaluated. Activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-KB (NF-κB) were examined by gel mobility shift assay; a supershift assay was performed to identify the NF-κB complex components. JTE-522 or AA was added before IFN-γ and LPS administration, and effects on iNOS and PGE2 induction were evaluated by Western blotting or EIA. iNOS protein and mRNA expression was inhibited in RIE sense cells. Although NF-κB activation was suppressed and Iκ-Ba protein was more stable, respectively, in RIE sense cells, no difference was noted in other transcription factors. JTE-522 increased iNOS protein expression in RIE cells. We conclude that COX-2 suppressed iNOS expression in RIE cells through suppression of NF-κB by stabilizing Iκ-Bα.
KW - Activator protein-1
KW - Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor
KW - Extracellular signal-related kinase-1
KW - Extracellular signal-related kinase-2
KW - Interferon response factor-1
KW - Iκ-Ba
KW - Nuclear factor-κB
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U2 - 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.3.g688
DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.3.g688
M3 - Article
C2 - 11518681
AN - SCOPUS:0034835150
SN - 0193-1857
VL - 281
SP - G688-G696
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
IS - 3 44-3
ER -