Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers

Angela C. Springfield; Larry W. Cartmell; Arthur C. Aufderheide; Jane Buikstra; Joyce Ho

doi:10.1016/0379-0738(93)90280-N

Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers

Angela C. Springfield, Larry W. Cartmell, Arthur C. Aufderheide, Jane Buikstra, Joyce Ho

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

84 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE) and ecgonine methylester (EME), were found in hair samples from ancient Peruvian coca-leaf chewers dating back to ad 1000. Hair was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC MS) to quantitate the concentrations. The two metabolites were found in higher concentration than the parent drug. The metabolite levels appear to be below that of modern cocaine abusers. Gender does not appear to be a factor in the incorporation of drug into hair.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	269-275
Number of pages	7
Journal	Forensic Science International
Volume	63
Issue number	1-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(93)90280-N
State	Published - Dec 1993
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Cocaine
GC MS
Hair
Mummies
Toxicology

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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10.1016/0379-0738(93)90280-N

Cite this

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title = "Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers",

abstract = "Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE) and ecgonine methylester (EME), were found in hair samples from ancient Peruvian coca-leaf chewers dating back to ad 1000. Hair was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC MS) to quantitate the concentrations. The two metabolites were found in higher concentration than the parent drug. The metabolite levels appear to be below that of modern cocaine abusers. Gender does not appear to be a factor in the incorporation of drug into hair.",

keywords = "Cocaine, GC MS, Hair, Mummies, Toxicology",

author = "Springfield, {Angela C.} and Cartmell, {Larry W.} and Aufderheide, {Arthur C.} and Jane Buikstra and Joyce Ho",

year = "1993",

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doi = "10.1016/0379-0738(93)90280-N",

language = "English (US)",

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T1 - Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers

AU - Springfield, Angela C.

AU - Cartmell, Larry W.

AU - Aufderheide, Arthur C.

AU - Buikstra, Jane

AU - Ho, Joyce

PY - 1993/12

Y1 - 1993/12

N2 - Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE) and ecgonine methylester (EME), were found in hair samples from ancient Peruvian coca-leaf chewers dating back to ad 1000. Hair was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC MS) to quantitate the concentrations. The two metabolites were found in higher concentration than the parent drug. The metabolite levels appear to be below that of modern cocaine abusers. Gender does not appear to be a factor in the incorporation of drug into hair.

AB - Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE) and ecgonine methylester (EME), were found in hair samples from ancient Peruvian coca-leaf chewers dating back to ad 1000. Hair was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC MS) to quantitate the concentrations. The two metabolites were found in higher concentration than the parent drug. The metabolite levels appear to be below that of modern cocaine abusers. Gender does not appear to be a factor in the incorporation of drug into hair.

KW - Cocaine

KW - GC MS

KW - Hair

KW - Mummies

KW - Toxicology

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VL - 63

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JO - Forensic Science International

JF - Forensic Science International

IS - 1-3

ER -

Cocaine and metabolites in the hair of ancient Peruvian coca leaf chewers

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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