Approaches to reduce CRISPR off-target effects for safer genome editing

As gene editing technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, so must the ability to safeguard against related biosafety hazards, particularly when human health is at issue. Genome editing based on the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas system is a novel and powerful tool for modifying somatic and germ line cells in living organisms. As the technology matures, it is being adopted around the world for research and product development purposes. Yet, there remain challenges with specificity and a potential for unwanted genetic modifications. Here, we review several techniques for pursuing more precise genome editing through CRISPR. We also provide biosafety professionals with current information regarding the state of CRISPR technology and examples of publicly available resources for predicting the likelihood of off-target effects.