TY - JOUR
T1 - A system for contact free energy expenditure assessment under free-living conditions
T2 - Monitoring metabolism for weight loss using carbon dioxide emission
AU - Sprowls, Mark
AU - Victor, Shaun
AU - Serhan, Michael
AU - Destaillats, Hugo
AU - Wheatley-Guy, Courtney
AU - Johnson, Bruce
AU - Kulick, Doina
AU - Forzani, Erica
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors of the work would like to give special thanks to the Mayo Clinic for providing the facilities, equipment, collaborating individuals, and the funding for this project. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the A J and Sigismunda Palumbo Charitable Trust for their generous funding efforts that made this project possible. Mark Sprowls would like to give special thanks to Arizona State University’s Ira A Fulton School of Engineering for funding his work through the generous proceeds of the Dean’s Fellowship. Erica Forzani thanks a Fulton Entrepreneur Award from the Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering. Hugo Destaillats participated in this study as an external consultant, and the LBNL was not involved in this research. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge all of the test subjects and give them thanks for the time they generously used to participate in this study. We dedicate the publication to the loving memory of Dr Nongjian Tao, who was an outstanding scientist, excellent mentor,proactive collaborator, and exceptional friend. Dr Nongjian Tao: you will be missed forever, but your prints will remain in those that closely worked with you.
Funding Information:
The authors of the work would like to give special thanks to the Mayo Clinic for providing the facilities, equipment, collaborating individuals, and the funding for this project. Additionally, the authors would like to thank the A J and Sigismunda Palumbo Charitable Trust for their generous funding efforts that made this project possible. Mark Sprowls would like to give special thanks to Arizona State University's Ira A Fulton School of Engineering for funding his work through the generous proceeds of the Dean's Fellowship. Erica Forzani thanks a Fulton Entrepreneur Award from the Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering. Hugo Destaillats participated in this study as an external consultant, and the LBNL was not involved in this research. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge all of the test subjects and give them thanks for the time they generously used to participate in this study. We dedicate the publication to the loving memory of Dr Nongjian Tao, who was an outstanding scientist, excellent mentor, proactive collaborator, and exceptional friend. Dr Nongjian Tao: you will be missed forever, but your prints will remain in those that closely worked with you.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Weight disorders are strikingly prevalent globally and can contribute to a wide array of potentially fatal diseases spanning from type II diabetes to coronary heart disease. These disorders have a common cause: poor calorie balance. Since energy expenditure (EE) (kcal d−1) constitutes one half of the calorie balance equation (the other half being food intake), its measurement could be of great value to those suffering from weight disorders. A technique for contact free assessment of EE is presented, which only relies on CO2 concentration monitoring within a sealed office space, and assessment of carbon dioxide production rate (VCO2). Twenty healthy subjects were tested in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned technique in measuring both resting EE (REE) and exercise EE using the proposed system (the 'SmartPad') and a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared gold standard reference instrument for EE measurement. For VCO2 and EE measurements, the method showed a correlation slope of 1.00 and 1.03 with regression coefficients of 0.99 and 0.99, respectively, and Bland-Altman plots with a mean bias = −0.232% with respect to the reference instrument. Furthermore, two subjects were also tested as part of a proof-of-concept longitudinal study where EE patterns were simultaneously tracked with body weight, sleep, stress, and step counts using a smartwatch over the course of a month, to determine correlation between the aforementioned parameters and EE. Analysis revealed moderately high correlation coefficients (Pearson's r) for stress (raverage = 0.609) and body weight (raverage = 0.597) for the two subjects. The new SmartPad method was demonstrated to be a promising technique for EE measurement under free-living conditions.
AB - Weight disorders are strikingly prevalent globally and can contribute to a wide array of potentially fatal diseases spanning from type II diabetes to coronary heart disease. These disorders have a common cause: poor calorie balance. Since energy expenditure (EE) (kcal d−1) constitutes one half of the calorie balance equation (the other half being food intake), its measurement could be of great value to those suffering from weight disorders. A technique for contact free assessment of EE is presented, which only relies on CO2 concentration monitoring within a sealed office space, and assessment of carbon dioxide production rate (VCO2). Twenty healthy subjects were tested in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned technique in measuring both resting EE (REE) and exercise EE using the proposed system (the 'SmartPad') and a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared gold standard reference instrument for EE measurement. For VCO2 and EE measurements, the method showed a correlation slope of 1.00 and 1.03 with regression coefficients of 0.99 and 0.99, respectively, and Bland-Altman plots with a mean bias = −0.232% with respect to the reference instrument. Furthermore, two subjects were also tested as part of a proof-of-concept longitudinal study where EE patterns were simultaneously tracked with body weight, sleep, stress, and step counts using a smartwatch over the course of a month, to determine correlation between the aforementioned parameters and EE. Analysis revealed moderately high correlation coefficients (Pearson's r) for stress (raverage = 0.609) and body weight (raverage = 0.597) for the two subjects. The new SmartPad method was demonstrated to be a promising technique for EE measurement under free-living conditions.
KW - Ambient biometrics
KW - Internet of things (IoT)
KW - Minimally invasive biomedical diagnostic
KW - Point of care
KW - Smart home biosensor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100247596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1088/1752-7163/abd52f
DO - 10.1088/1752-7163/abd52f
M3 - Article
C2 - 33339005
AN - SCOPUS:85100247596
SN - 1752-7155
VL - 15
JO - Journal of Breath Research
JF - Journal of Breath Research
IS - 2
M1 - 026004
ER -