@article{bcc16ca7daa54b2fac51a92d755c54af,
title = "A century of decoupling size and structure of urban spaces in the United States",
abstract = "Most cities in the United States of America are thought to have followed similar development trajectories to evolve into their present form. However, data on spatial development of cities are limited prior to 1970. Here we leverage a compilation of high-resolution spatial land use and building data to examine the evolving size and form (shape and structure) of US metropolitan areas since the early twentieth century. Our analysis of building patterns over 100 years reveals strong regularities in the development of the size and density of cities and their surroundings, regardless of timing or location of development. At the same time, we find that trajectories regarding shape and structure are harder to codify and more complex. We conclude that these discrepant developments of urban size- and form-related characteristics are driven, in part, by the long-term decoupling of these two sets of attributes over time.",
author = "Uhl, {Johannes H.} and Connor, {Dylan S.} and Stefan Leyk and Braswell, {Anna E.}",
note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge access to the Zillow Transaction and Assessment Dataset (ZTRAX) through a data use agreement between the University of Colorado Boulder (UCB) and Zillow Group, Inc. Funding for this work was provided by Earth Lab through UCB{\textquoteright}s Grand Challenge Initiative, the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at UCB, the Innovative Seed Grant program at UCB, and NSF{\textquoteright}s Humans, Disasters, and the Built Environment program (award no. 1924670 to CU Boulder). Moreover, we would like to thank Amy Frazier, Maxwell Joseph, and Keith Burghardt for their advice. Lastly, support by Safe Software Inc. for providing Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) licenses used for ZTRAX data processing is highly appreciated. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund. Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge access to the Zillow Transaction and Assessment Dataset (ZTRAX) through a data use agreement between the University of Colorado Boulder (UCB) and Zillow Group, Inc. Funding for this work was provided by Earth Lab through UCB{\textquoteright}s Grand Challenge Initiative, the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at UCB, the Innovative Seed Grant program at UCB, and NSF{\textquoteright}s Humans, Disasters, and the Built Environment program (award no. 1924670 to CU Boulder). Moreover, we would like to thank Amy Frazier, Maxwell Joseph, and Keith Burghardt for their advice. Lastly, support by Safe Software Inc. for providing Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) licenses used for ZTRAX data processing is highly appreciated. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s).",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s43247-020-00082-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
journal = "Communications Earth and Environment",
issn = "2662-4435",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
number = "1",
}