@inproceedings{c8a95bc51a7b4f01a965cb707279aab0,
title = "35.8% space and 38.8% terrestrial 5J direct bonded cells",
abstract = "Spectrolab has fabricated a direct semiconductor bonded space solar cell with an efficiency of 35.8% under the AM0 space spectrum. Using a similar technology, Spectrolab has achieved a 5-junction (5J) direct bonded terrestrial cell with a record efficiency of 38.8% under the one-sun AM1.5G terrestrial spectrum. Efforts to further improve the 5J cell efficiency have focused on development of the top 3 junctions (T3J) grown on GaAs. Experiments with top 3J isotype cells have yielded an improvement of 1% in current and 100 mV in voltage for the T3J. Spectrolab has also made significant improvements in its direct bonding process. The improved process has increased bond strengths by more than a factor of 5 and eliminated issues with large voids.",
keywords = "direct bonding, multijunction cells, semiconductor bonding, wafer bonding",
author = "Chiu, {P. T.} and Law, {D. C.} and Woo, {R. L.} and Singer, {S. B.} and D. Bhusari and Hong, {W. D.} and A. Zakaria and J. Boisvert and S. Mesropian and King, {R. R.} and Karam, {N. H.}",
year = "2014",
month = oct,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1109/PVSC.2014.6924957",
language = "English (US)",
series = "2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2014",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "11--13",
booktitle = "2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2014",
note = "40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2014 ; Conference date: 08-06-2014 Through 13-06-2014",
}