TY - JOUR
T1 - Zero modes on linked strings
AU - Garriga, Jaume
AU - Vachaspati, Tanmay
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to the steady stream of visitors at the Isaac Newton Institute for advice and suggestions. In particular, we would like to thank Tom Kibble, Patrick Peter, Rich Holman, Mark Hindmarsh, Rob Brandenberger, Roman Jackiw, Patricio Letelier, Hector de Vega and especially Nick Manton for crucial advice at critical times. J.G. is grateful to the SERC for support under Grant No. 15091-AOZ-L9 at DAMTP, University of Cambridge where most of this work was done. T.V. is grateful to the Rosenbaum Foundation for supporting his stay at the Isaac Newton Institute.
PY - 1995/3/27
Y1 - 1995/3/27
N2 - We study linked loops of strings in the presence of bosonic condensates and fermionic zero modes on the strings. We find that the strings necessarily carry a current if the bosons have an Aharanov-Bohm interaction with the string. The fermionic case is analyzed in the context of the standard model where there are lepton and quark zero modes on Z-strings. Here we find that the fermionic ground state in the linked string background is lower than the ground state when the loops are unlinked but otherwise identical. As in the bosonic case, the Z-strings carry a non-vanishing electric current in the ground state. The baryon number of the linked configuration is found to agree with previous indirect results. We also evaluate the angular momentum, electromagnetic charge and baryonic three current on the linked Z-string configuration. Finally we point out a possible gravitational analogue of the linked string system.
AB - We study linked loops of strings in the presence of bosonic condensates and fermionic zero modes on the strings. We find that the strings necessarily carry a current if the bosons have an Aharanov-Bohm interaction with the string. The fermionic case is analyzed in the context of the standard model where there are lepton and quark zero modes on Z-strings. Here we find that the fermionic ground state in the linked string background is lower than the ground state when the loops are unlinked but otherwise identical. As in the bosonic case, the Z-strings carry a non-vanishing electric current in the ground state. The baryon number of the linked configuration is found to agree with previous indirect results. We also evaluate the angular momentum, electromagnetic charge and baryonic three current on the linked Z-string configuration. Finally we point out a possible gravitational analogue of the linked string system.
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U2 - 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00012-H
DO - 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00012-H
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0000704709
SN - 0550-3213
VL - 438
SP - 161
EP - 181
JO - Nuclear Physics, Section B
JF - Nuclear Physics, Section B
IS - 1-2
ER -