TY - JOUR
T1 - Wood smoke contribution to winter aerosol in fresno, CA
AU - Gorin, Courtney A.
AU - Collett, Jeffrey L.
AU - Herckes, Pierre
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Taehyoung Lee, Sarah Youngster, and especially Andy Simpson for assistance collecting the samples analyzed here. Also, their gratitude is extended to Guenter Engling, who optimized the HPAEC-PAD method of levoglucosan analysis. Loan of high-volume collectors and assistance procuring sampling sites by the SJV Air District and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) is gratefully acknowledged. They are also grateful to C. Krauter for hosting the measurements at CSUF. The authors thank the San Joaquin Valley-wide Air Pollution Study Agency and the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District for funding this research. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation (ATM-0222607). The statements and conclusions in this paper are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the CARB, the San Joaquin Valley-wide Air Pollution Study Agency, or its policy committee, their employees, or their members. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products.
PY - 2006/11
Y1 - 2006/11
N2 - In an effort to better quantify wintertime particulate matter (PM) and the contribution of wood smoke to air pollution events in Fresno, CA, a field campaign was conducted in winter 2003–2004. Coarse and fine daily PM samples were collected at five locations in Fresno, including residential, urban, and industrial areas. Measurements of collected samples included gravimetric mass determination, organic and elemental carbon analysis, and trace organic compound analysis by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The wood smoke tracer levoglucosan was also measured in aqueous aerosol extracts using high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. Sample preparation and analysis by this technique is much simpler and less expensive than derivatized levoglucosan analysis by GC/MS, permitting analysis of daily PM samples from all five of the measurement locations. Analyses revealed low spatial variability and similar temporal patterns of PM2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), and levoglucosan. Daily mass concentrations appear to have been strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, including precipitation, wind, and fog events. Fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations are uncommonly low during the study period, reflecting frequent precipitation events. During the first portion of the study, levoglucosan had a strong relationship to the concentrations of PM2.5 and OC. In the later portion of the study, there was a significant reduction in levoglucosan relative to PM2.5 and OC. This may indicate a change in particle removal processes, perhaps because of fog events, which were more common in the latter period. Combined, the emissions from wood smoke, meat cooking, and motor vehicles appear to contribute ∼65–80% to measured OC, with wood smoke, on average, accounting for ∼41% of OC and ∼18% of PM2.5 mass. Two residential sites exhibit somewhat higher contributions of wood smoke to OC than other locations.
AB - In an effort to better quantify wintertime particulate matter (PM) and the contribution of wood smoke to air pollution events in Fresno, CA, a field campaign was conducted in winter 2003–2004. Coarse and fine daily PM samples were collected at five locations in Fresno, including residential, urban, and industrial areas. Measurements of collected samples included gravimetric mass determination, organic and elemental carbon analysis, and trace organic compound analysis by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The wood smoke tracer levoglucosan was also measured in aqueous aerosol extracts using high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. Sample preparation and analysis by this technique is much simpler and less expensive than derivatized levoglucosan analysis by GC/MS, permitting analysis of daily PM samples from all five of the measurement locations. Analyses revealed low spatial variability and similar temporal patterns of PM2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), and levoglucosan. Daily mass concentrations appear to have been strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, including precipitation, wind, and fog events. Fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations are uncommonly low during the study period, reflecting frequent precipitation events. During the first portion of the study, levoglucosan had a strong relationship to the concentrations of PM2.5 and OC. In the later portion of the study, there was a significant reduction in levoglucosan relative to PM2.5 and OC. This may indicate a change in particle removal processes, perhaps because of fog events, which were more common in the latter period. Combined, the emissions from wood smoke, meat cooking, and motor vehicles appear to contribute ∼65–80% to measured OC, with wood smoke, on average, accounting for ∼41% of OC and ∼18% of PM2.5 mass. Two residential sites exhibit somewhat higher contributions of wood smoke to OC than other locations.
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U2 - 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464558
DO - 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464558
M3 - Article
C2 - 17117744
AN - SCOPUS:33846094452
SN - 1096-2247
VL - 56
SP - 1584
EP - 1590
JO - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
JF - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
IS - 11
ER -