VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the Pancams on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers

Physics & Astronomy

• Mars exploration 100%
• soils 40%
• slopes 36%
• sulfates 31%
• rocks 27%
• coatings 25%
• montmorillonite 24%
• veins 24%
• rims 22%
• craters 21%
• spectrometers 21%
• ridges 19%
• minerals 19%
• alpha particles 18%
• infrared spectra 18%
• silicon dioxide 14%
• gypsum 13%
• manganese oxides 12%
• oxides 11%
• hematite 11%
• wheels 10%
• x rays 8%
• voids 8%
• cameras 7%
• valence 7%
• orbitals 6%
• reflectance 6%
• harmonics 6%
• water 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• near infrared 54%
• Mars 53%
• coating 32%
• spectrometer 24%
• material 23%
• sulfate 20%
• smectite 19%
• crater 18%
• soil 16%
• silica 15%
• oxide 14%
• rock 14%
• manganese oxide 11%
• mineral 10%
• particle 9%
• gypsum 9%
• void 9%
• fill 8%
• reflectance 8%
• exposure 5%
• laboratory 5%
• water 2%

Chemical Compounds

• Soil 48%
• Alpha-Particle 40%
• Near-Infrared Spectrum 35%
• Coating Agent 34%
• Sulfate Mineral 24%
• Hydrated Silica 23%
• Oxide Mineral 21%
• Ferric Oxide 18%
• Gypsum 18%
• X-Ray 17%
• Hematite 15%
• Drop 12%
• Orbital 11%
• Red 9%
• Oxide 7%
• Surface 4%