Abstract
Despite the availability of two veterinary vaccines against West Nile virus (WNV), there remains a desperate need for a more efficient, safer, cheaper WNV vaccine that can be delivered conveniently to animals. The global threat of WNV epidemics with increasingly severe neuroinvasive infections makes this need even more urgent. To date, vaccine candidates based on inactivated, live-attenuated, or chimeric virus, and viral DNA and protein subunits have been developed. However, commercialization of a WNV veterinary vaccine may largely depend on the economics of vaccine production, as only novel low-cost production platforms would produce vaccines that outcompete the cost of clinical treatment for animals. In this chapter, we review the progress of using plants to develop effective WNV vaccines and address the economic challenges of WNV vaccine production. The status of current WNV vaccine development is summarized. The advantages of plant-based platforms for WNV vaccine production in cost, speed and scalability are briefly discussed. The progress in developing WNV subunit vaccines in plants is reviewed within the context of their expression, characterization, downstream processing, and potency in animal models. The development of WNV vaccines based on virus-like particles is also highlighted. We are confident that plants are one of the platforms that offer potent, safe and affordable veterinary vaccines against WNV.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Prospects of Plant-Based Vaccines in Veterinary Medicine |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 121-146 |
Number of pages | 26 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783319901374 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783319901367 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 3 2018 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Downstream processing
- Flavivirus
- Oral vaccine
- Plant-made biologics (PMB) plant-made pharmaceutical (PMP)
- Virus-like particle (VLP)
- West nile virus (WNV)
- Zika virus (ZIKV) plant-made vaccine
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine
- General Immunology and Microbiology
- General Veterinary
- General Engineering
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Health Professions