TY - JOUR
T1 - Utilizing Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of TiO2Nanoparticles of Known Characteristics and Their Photocatalytic Activity in Drinking Waters
AU - Turley, Reagan S.
AU - Bi, Yuqiang
AU - Flores, Kenneth
AU - Castillo, Alexandria
AU - Schacht, Tabatha M.
AU - Hernandez-Viezcas, Jose A.
AU - Westerhoff, Paul
AU - Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This material is based upon the work supported by the Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment Technologies Nanosystems Engineering Research Center by the National Science Foundation (EEC-1449500) and NNCI: Nanotechnology Collaborative Infrastructure Southwest (NCI-SW) (ECCS-1542160). Partial funding was provided by the National Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative agreement number DBI-1266377 and EPA STAR program (RD83558001). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Environmental Protection Agency. J. L. Gardea-Torresdey acknowledges the Dudley family for the Endowed Research Professorship and the Academy of Applied Science/US Army Research Office, Research and Engineering Apprenticeship program (REAP) at UTEP, grant #W11NF-10-2-0076, sub-grant 13-7, and the LEER programs of the University of Texas System. J. L. Gardea-Torresdey acknowledges the University of Texas System FY 2018 STARs retention award #201-1224.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - To support the safe use of photocatalytic nanomaterials, it is essential to have portable and affordable methods to rapidly detect residual photocatalysts in water. Technologies with low detection limits are based upon mass quantification, which requires expensive analytical equipment and complex sample preparation. Therefore, we developed a portable method that utilizes the photocatalytic reactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to detect and quantify TiO2 in treated drinking water. The method involves UV excitation of TiO2 nanoparticles in solution, which hydroxylates terephthalic acid, resulting in an increase in fluorescence emission, detected by a portable device. Within a 15 min analysis period, the detection limit for a NIST reference TiO2 in distilled water is 0.388 ppb with a quantitation limit of 1.30 ppb. However, these limits increased for soft (2.12 and 7.07 ppb) and hard (64.3 and 214 ppb) water, respectively. Interference from natural organics depended on the amount of TiO2 present. At 100 ppb of TiO2, the detection assay can operate in matrices containing up to 703 ppb of humic acid, within a 95% confidence interval. Overall, the presented assay is a reliable, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting TiO2 nanoparticles of known characteristics in drinking water, accomplished using affordable and portable instrumentation.
AB - To support the safe use of photocatalytic nanomaterials, it is essential to have portable and affordable methods to rapidly detect residual photocatalysts in water. Technologies with low detection limits are based upon mass quantification, which requires expensive analytical equipment and complex sample preparation. Therefore, we developed a portable method that utilizes the photocatalytic reactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to detect and quantify TiO2 in treated drinking water. The method involves UV excitation of TiO2 nanoparticles in solution, which hydroxylates terephthalic acid, resulting in an increase in fluorescence emission, detected by a portable device. Within a 15 min analysis period, the detection limit for a NIST reference TiO2 in distilled water is 0.388 ppb with a quantitation limit of 1.30 ppb. However, these limits increased for soft (2.12 and 7.07 ppb) and hard (64.3 and 214 ppb) water, respectively. Interference from natural organics depended on the amount of TiO2 present. At 100 ppb of TiO2, the detection assay can operate in matrices containing up to 703 ppb of humic acid, within a 95% confidence interval. Overall, the presented assay is a reliable, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting TiO2 nanoparticles of known characteristics in drinking water, accomplished using affordable and portable instrumentation.
KW - drinking water
KW - fluorescence detection
KW - nanotechnology
KW - photocatalytic
KW - portable
KW - titanium dioxide
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U2 - 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00397
DO - 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00397
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85130840019
SN - 2690-0637
JO - ACS ES and T Water
JF - ACS ES and T Water
ER -