Universally applicable uniaxial perfect matched layer formulation for explicit and implicit finite difference time domain algorithms

An important advance in the finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithms is Berenger's perfect matched layer (PML), along with its derivatives. In recent years several new explicit and implicit FDTD algorithms have appeared on the scene, of which each requires a specific PML. To simplify programming, the authors derive a universal uniaxial PML formulation, which is universally applicable to the Yee FDTD, FDTD with higher-order stencils and implicit FDTD algorithms. Numerical results show the efficiency and versatility of the new method.