Unintended Consequences of Living with AI: The Paradox of Technological Potential?Part II [Guest Editorial]

The special section of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine presents papers on the unintended consequences of living with artificial intelligence (AI). Unanticipated consequences are those with outcomes that were not those that were foreseen. It follows then that an unintended consequence might/might not have been anticipated. The idea of unknown unknowns was created by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham with the development of the Johari window in 1955. The known unknowns are again things that can be predicted, but often by applying good judgement and common sense principles about the possibilities. The unknown unknowns are completely unexpected, and are for the most part unpredictable because no evidence exists to identify particular risk factors or even attributes linking them to a given phenomenon. These types of attacks are actually known knowns. That is, we can have a constant expectation of such attacks on the Internet.