TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding and optimizing delamination/recycling of printed circuit boards using a supercritical carbon dioxide process
AU - Sanyal, Sriya
AU - Ke, Qingdi
AU - Zhang, Yuan
AU - Ngo, Thao
AU - Carrell, John
AU - Zhang, Hongchao
AU - Dai, Lenore
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful for the financial support from the National Science Foundation CBET-0962533 and CBET-1133770/1133984 and the Arizona State University Fulton Undergraduate Research Initiative .
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - A printed circuit board (PCB) is an integral component of any electronic product and is among the most challenging components to recycle. While PCB manufacturing processes undergo generations of innovation and advancement with 21st century technologies, the recycling of PCBs primarily employs 1920's shredding and separation technologies. There is a critical need for alternative PCB recycling routes to satisfy the increasing environmental demands. Previous work has developed an environmentally benign supercritical fluid process that successfully delaminated the PCB substrates and separated the PCB layers. While this work was successful in delamination of the PCB substrates, further understanding is needed to maximize the interactions between the supercritical fluid and PCB for an optimal processing scenario. As such, this research presents an exploratory study to further investigate the supercritical fluid PCB recycling process by using supercritical carbon dioxide and an additional amount of water to delaminate PCB substrates. The focus of this study is to test delamination success at low temperature and pressure supercritical conditions in comparison to the previous studies. Furthermore, material characterization methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are included to study the delaminating mechanisms. Results from the recycling process testing showed that the PCB substrates delaminated easily and could be further separated into copper foils, glass fibers and polymers. Surprisingly, the material characterization suggested that there were no significant changes in glass transition temperature, crosslink density, and FTIR spectra of the PCBs before and after the supercritical fluid process.
AB - A printed circuit board (PCB) is an integral component of any electronic product and is among the most challenging components to recycle. While PCB manufacturing processes undergo generations of innovation and advancement with 21st century technologies, the recycling of PCBs primarily employs 1920's shredding and separation technologies. There is a critical need for alternative PCB recycling routes to satisfy the increasing environmental demands. Previous work has developed an environmentally benign supercritical fluid process that successfully delaminated the PCB substrates and separated the PCB layers. While this work was successful in delamination of the PCB substrates, further understanding is needed to maximize the interactions between the supercritical fluid and PCB for an optimal processing scenario. As such, this research presents an exploratory study to further investigate the supercritical fluid PCB recycling process by using supercritical carbon dioxide and an additional amount of water to delaminate PCB substrates. The focus of this study is to test delamination success at low temperature and pressure supercritical conditions in comparison to the previous studies. Furthermore, material characterization methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are included to study the delaminating mechanisms. Results from the recycling process testing showed that the PCB substrates delaminated easily and could be further separated into copper foils, glass fibers and polymers. Surprisingly, the material characterization suggested that there were no significant changes in glass transition temperature, crosslink density, and FTIR spectra of the PCBs before and after the supercritical fluid process.
KW - Delaminating mechanisms
KW - Delamination
KW - Printed circuit board (PCB) recycling
KW - Supercritical carbon dioxide
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.011
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84868703469
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 41
SP - 174
EP - 178
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
ER -