Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA

Engineering & Materials Science

• Aquifers 100%
• Volatile organic compounds 93%
• Groundwater 91%
• Carbonates 87%
• Rocks 65%
• Water 41%
• Springs (water) 28%
• Chlorine compounds 26%
• Chlorofluorocarbons 24%
• Land fill 20%
• Groundwater flow 13%
• Health 12%
• Seepage 10%
• Gas chromatography 10%
• Land use 10%
• Infiltration 9%
• Shale 9%
• Fish 9%
• Electrons 8%
• Impurities 8%
• Detectors 6%
• Sampling 6%
• Air 4%
• Temperature 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• carbonate rock 77%
• volatile organic compound 69%
• aquifer 56%
• science 50%
• groundwater 46%
• detection 45%
• CFC 20%
• water 20%
• chloroform 19%
• leakage 15%
• landfill 15%
• methyl chloride 13%
• health 11%
• permeability 11%
• tetrachloroethylene 10%
• groundwater flow 8%
• gas chromatography 7%
• seepage 7%
• detector 7%
• advection 7%
• water temperature 7%
• infiltration 7%
• shale 6%
• electron 5%
• land use 5%
• well 5%
• fish 5%
• pollutant 5%
• sampling 4%
• air 4%
• laboratory 4%
• rock 4%

Chemical Compounds

• Groundwater 83%
• Volatile Organic Compound 79%
• cis-1,2-dichloroethene 18%
• Chloroform 15%
• Carbonate 15%
• Tetrachloroethene 15%
• Electron Capture 10%
• Sampling 7%
• Gas Chromatography 7%
• Electrical Conductivity 7%
• Flow 6%
• Chloride 5%
• Time 3%