TY - JOUR
T1 - Total fluid intake of children and adolescents
T2 - cross-sectional surveys in 13 countries worldwide
AU - Iglesia, Iris
AU - Guelinckx, Isabelle
AU - De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar M.
AU - González-Gil, Esther M.
AU - Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
AU - Kavouras, Stavros A.
AU - Gandy, Joan
AU - Martínez, Homero
AU - Bardosono, Saptawati
AU - Abdollahi, Morteza
AU - Nasseri, Esmat
AU - Jarosz, Agnieszka
AU - Ma, Guansheng
AU - Carmuega, Esteban
AU - Thiébaut, Isabelle
AU - Moreno, Luis A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This article is part of a supplement supported by Danone Nutricia Research.
Funding Information:
IG is an employee of Danone Research. JS-S, JS, LAM, SK, JG, HM are members of advisory board on fluid intake of Danone Research. AM and NE are employer at NNFTRI, an institute which has received a research grant from Damavand mineral water company (a brand of Danone Group in Iran).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, The Author(s).
PY - 2015/6/19
Y1 - 2015/6/19
N2 - Purpose: To describe total fluid intake (TFI) according to socio-demographic characteristics in children and adolescents worldwide. Methods: Data of 3611 children (4–9 years) and 8109 adolescents (10–18 years) were retrieved from 13 cross-sectional surveys (47 % males). In three countries, school classes were randomly recruited with stratified cluster sampling design. In the other countries, participants were randomly recruited based on a quota method. TFI (drinking water and beverages of all kinds) was obtained with a fluid-specific record over 7 consecutive days. Adequacy was assessed by comparing TFI to 80 % of adequate intake (AI) for total water intake set by European Food Safety Authority. Data on height, weight and socio-economic level were collected in most countries. Results: The mean (SD) TFI ranged from [1.32 (0.68)] to [1.35 (0.71)] L/day. Non-adherence to AIs for fluids ranged from 10 % (Uruguay) to >90 % (Belgium). Females were more likely to meet the AIs for fluids than males (4–9 years: 28 %, OR 0.72, p = 0.002; 10–18 years: 20 %, OR 0.80, p = 0.001), while adolescents were less likely to meet the AI than children (OR 1.645, p < 0.001 in males and OR 1.625, p < 0.001 in females). Conclusions: A high proportion of children and adolescents are at risk of an inadequate fluid intake. This risk is especially high in males and adolescents when compared with females or children categories. This highlights water intake among young populations as an issue of global concern.
AB - Purpose: To describe total fluid intake (TFI) according to socio-demographic characteristics in children and adolescents worldwide. Methods: Data of 3611 children (4–9 years) and 8109 adolescents (10–18 years) were retrieved from 13 cross-sectional surveys (47 % males). In three countries, school classes were randomly recruited with stratified cluster sampling design. In the other countries, participants were randomly recruited based on a quota method. TFI (drinking water and beverages of all kinds) was obtained with a fluid-specific record over 7 consecutive days. Adequacy was assessed by comparing TFI to 80 % of adequate intake (AI) for total water intake set by European Food Safety Authority. Data on height, weight and socio-economic level were collected in most countries. Results: The mean (SD) TFI ranged from [1.32 (0.68)] to [1.35 (0.71)] L/day. Non-adherence to AIs for fluids ranged from 10 % (Uruguay) to >90 % (Belgium). Females were more likely to meet the AIs for fluids than males (4–9 years: 28 %, OR 0.72, p = 0.002; 10–18 years: 20 %, OR 0.80, p = 0.001), while adolescents were less likely to meet the AI than children (OR 1.645, p < 0.001 in males and OR 1.625, p < 0.001 in females). Conclusions: A high proportion of children and adolescents are at risk of an inadequate fluid intake. This risk is especially high in males and adolescents when compared with females or children categories. This highlights water intake among young populations as an issue of global concern.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Children
KW - Dietary assessment
KW - Fluid intake
KW - Hydration
KW - Worldwide
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U2 - 10.1007/s00394-015-0946-6
DO - 10.1007/s00394-015-0946-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 26081646
AN - SCOPUS:84935014711
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 54
SP - 57
EP - 67
JO - Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft
JF - Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft
ER -