Thermodynamic Analysis of Intermediary Metabolic Steps and Nitrous Oxide Production by Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria

Michelle N. Young, Joshua Boltz, Bruce E. Rittmann, Ahmed Al-Omari, Jose A. Jimenez, Imre Takacs, Andrew K. Marcus

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas emitted from wastewater treatment, soils, and agriculture largely by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). While AOB are characterized by being aerobes that oxidize ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-), fundamental studies in microbiology are revealing the importance of metabolic intermediates and reactions that can lead to the production of N2O. These findings about the metabolic pathways for AOB were integrated with thermodynamic electron-equivalents modeling (TEEM) to estimate kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for each of the AOB's nitrogen (N)-oxidation and -reduction reactions. The TEEM analysis shows that hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation to nitroxyl (HNO) is the most energetically efficient means for the AOB to provide electrons for ammonium monooxygenation, while oxidations of HNO to nitric oxide (NO) and NO to NO2-are energetically favorable for respiration and biomass synthesis. The respiratory electron acceptor can be O2or NO, and both have similar energetics. The TEEM-predicted value for biomass yield, maximum-specific rate of NH4+utilization, and maximum specific growth rate are consistent with empirical observations. NO reduction to N2O is thermodynamically favorable for respiration and biomass synthesis, but the need for O2as a reactant in ammonium monooxygenation likely precludes NO reduction to N2O from becoming the major pathway for respiration.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)12532-12541
Number of pages10
JournalEnvironmental Science and Technology
Volume56
Issue number17
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 6 2022

Keywords

  • ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)
  • denitrification
  • nitrification
  • nitrogen oxidation
  • nitrogen reduction
  • nitrous oxide (NO)
  • thermodynamic electron-equivalents modeling (TEEM)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Chemistry
  • Environmental Chemistry

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