The transformation of a landscape: culture and ecology in southeastern Arizona

While geographic and climatic factors establish the general parameters of ecological composition of the landscape, cultural elements provide the key to explaining specific historical conditions, and the radical alterations that marked the late 19th century. A view of Apache cultural and the pre-Anglo ecology of southeastern Arizona provides the comparative basis for a criticial assessment of the subsequent ecological changes following the defeat and removal of the Apaches in the 1880s, and the impacts of especially mining, farming and livestock grazing. -J.Sheail