The structure and distribution of carbon in 3.5 Ga Apex chert: Implications for the biogenicity of Earth's oldest putative microfossils

Physics & Astronomy

• kerogen 100%
• carbonaceous materials 89%
• apexes 52%
• quartz crystals 44%
• carbon 39%
• vents 27%
• graphitization 25%
• ring structures 24%
• microorganisms 23%
• hydrocarbons 18%
• interstitials 16%
• energy dissipation 15%
• inclusions 15%
• disorders 15%
• crystallization 15%
• electron energy 14%
• grain boundaries 14%
• synthesis 14%
• transmission electron microscopy 12%
• fluids 11%
• spectroscopy 10%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• microfossil 65%
• chert 64%
• kerogen 48%
• carbon 33%
• material 24%
• distribution 21%
• quartz 21%
• crystal 20%
• graphitization 20%
• hydrothermal vent 17%
• hydrothermal alteration 16%
• fluid inclusion 14%
• grain boundary 14%
• transmission electron microscopy 13%
• spectroscopy 12%
• crystallization 11%
• electron 10%
• hydrocarbon 10%
• loss 7%
• energy 7%

Chemical Compounds

• Kerogen 85%
• Quartz 52%
• Hydrothermal Vent 47%
• Amorphous Material 40%
• Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy 35%
• Interstitial 31%
• Grain Boundary 30%
• Carbon Atom 27%
• Disorder 25%
• Hydrocarbon 21%
• Crystallization 20%
• Transmission Electron Microscopy 19%