TY - JOUR
T1 - The Self-Report Habit Index
T2 - Assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, e-cigarette, and cigarette use
AU - Morean, Meghan E.
AU - DeMartini, Kelly S.
AU - Foster, Dawn
AU - Patock-Peckham, Julie
AU - Garrison, Kathleen A.
AU - Corlett, Philip R.
AU - Krystal, John H.
AU - Krishan-Sarin, Suchitra
AU - O'Malley, Stephanie S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism ( P50AA12870 ; K01AA024160-01A1 ), the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation ( UL1 RR024139 ), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (National Center for PTSD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Drug Abuse ( NIDA; K12DA00167 ), NIDA and the FDA Center for Tobacco Products ( P50DA036151 ), and the Burton Family Foundation’s ( FP11815 ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/5/1
Y1 - 2018/5/1
N2 - Background: Substance use is partially driven by habitual processes that occur automatically in response to environmental cues and may be central to users’ identities. This study was designed to validate the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) for assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. Methods: We examined the SRHI's psychometrics in separate samples of adult marijuana (Ns = 189;170), alcohol (Ns = 100;133), cigarette (Ns = 58;371), and e-cigarette (N = 239) users. Results: A 6-item, single-factor solution evidenced good fit across substances (CFI marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes = 0.996/0.997/0.996/0.994, RMSEA = 0.046/0.047/0.067/0.068, SRMR = 0.017/0.017/0.010/0.015) and internal consistency (α = 0.88/0.94/0.95/0.91). The SRHI was scalar invariant for sex and race. However, independent-samples t-tests indicated only that women endorsed stronger habitual e-cigarette use and that men endorsed stronger habitual marijuana use. The SRHI also was scalar invariant by product type in dual-users (cigarettes/e-cigarettes[N = 371]; alcohol/cigarettes [n = 58]), although differences in habit strength only were observed for cigarettes versus e-cigarettes, with dual-users reporting stronger habitual cigarette use. Finally, the SRHI predicted frequency of marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use (np 2 [marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes] = 0.37/0.48/0.31/0.17) and quantity of alcohol and cigarette use (np 2 = 0.43/0.33). Conclusions: The SRHI is a psychometrically sound measure of adults’ habitual substance use. The SRHI detected mean differences by sex and substance type and predicted the frequency of using each substance. Future research should determine if the SRHI is appropriate for use with other substances or age groups (e.g., adolescents), how it relates to task-based, behavioral measures of habit strength, and the degree to which habit predicts the development or maintenance of addiction.
AB - Background: Substance use is partially driven by habitual processes that occur automatically in response to environmental cues and may be central to users’ identities. This study was designed to validate the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) for assessing habitual marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. Methods: We examined the SRHI's psychometrics in separate samples of adult marijuana (Ns = 189;170), alcohol (Ns = 100;133), cigarette (Ns = 58;371), and e-cigarette (N = 239) users. Results: A 6-item, single-factor solution evidenced good fit across substances (CFI marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes = 0.996/0.997/0.996/0.994, RMSEA = 0.046/0.047/0.067/0.068, SRMR = 0.017/0.017/0.010/0.015) and internal consistency (α = 0.88/0.94/0.95/0.91). The SRHI was scalar invariant for sex and race. However, independent-samples t-tests indicated only that women endorsed stronger habitual e-cigarette use and that men endorsed stronger habitual marijuana use. The SRHI also was scalar invariant by product type in dual-users (cigarettes/e-cigarettes[N = 371]; alcohol/cigarettes [n = 58]), although differences in habit strength only were observed for cigarettes versus e-cigarettes, with dual-users reporting stronger habitual cigarette use. Finally, the SRHI predicted frequency of marijuana, alcohol, cigarette, and e-cigarette use (np 2 [marijuana/alcohol/cigarettes/e-cigarettes] = 0.37/0.48/0.31/0.17) and quantity of alcohol and cigarette use (np 2 = 0.43/0.33). Conclusions: The SRHI is a psychometrically sound measure of adults’ habitual substance use. The SRHI detected mean differences by sex and substance type and predicted the frequency of using each substance. Future research should determine if the SRHI is appropriate for use with other substances or age groups (e.g., adolescents), how it relates to task-based, behavioral measures of habit strength, and the degree to which habit predicts the development or maintenance of addiction.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Cannabis
KW - Cigarettes
KW - E-cigarettes
KW - Electronic cigarettes
KW - Habit
KW - Habitual use
KW - Marijuana
KW - Vaping
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U2 - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.014
DO - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 29609132
AN - SCOPUS:85052943859
SN - 0376-8716
VL - 186
SP - 207
EP - 214
JO - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
ER -