@article{d3db9f00e43d4834a940c854b3cced08,
title = "The Optical Two- and Three-dimensional Fundamental Plane Correlations for Nearly 180 Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with Swift/UVOT, RATIR, and the Subaru Telescope",
abstract = "Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are fascinating events due to their panchromatic nature. We study optical plateaus in GRB afterglows via an extended search into archival data. We comprehensively analyze all published GRBs with known redshifts and optical plateaus observed by many ground-based telescopes (e.g., Subaru Telescope, RATIR) around the world and several space-based observatories such as the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. We fit 500 optical light curves, showing the existence of the plateau in 179 cases. This sample is 75% larger than the previous one, and it is the largest compilation so far of optical plateaus. We discover the 3D fundamental plane relation at optical wavelengths using this sample. This correlation is between the rest-frame time at the end of the plateau emission, Topt∗, its optical luminosity, L opt, and the peak in the optical prompt emission, L peak,opt, thus resembling the three-dimensional (3D) X-ray fundamental plane (the so-called 3D Dainotti relation). We correct our sample for redshift evolution and selection effects, discovering that this correlation is indeed intrinsic to GRB physics. We investigate the rest-frame end-time distributions in X-rays and optical ( Topt∗, TX∗ ), and conclude that the plateau is achromatic only when selection biases are not considered. We also investigate if the 3D optical correlation may be a new discriminant between optical GRB classes and find that there is no significant separation between the classes compared to the Gold sample plane after correcting for evolution.",
author = "Dainotti, {M. G.} and S. Young and L. Li and D. Levine and Kalinowski, {K. K.} and Kann, {D. A.} and B. Tran and L. Zambrano-Tapia and A. Zambrano-Tapia and Cenko, {S. B.} and M. Fuentes and S{\'a}nchez-V{\'a}zquez, {E. G.} and Oates, {S. R.} and N. Fraija and Becerra, {R. L.} and Watson, {A. M.} and Butler, {N. R.} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {J. J.} and Kutyrev, {A. S.} and Lee, {W. H.} and Prochaska, {J. X.} and E. Ramirez-Ruiz and Richer, {M. G.} and S. Zola",
note = "Funding Information: This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. We are particularly grateful to Y. Niino for his precious discussion on the observability and limiting luminosity of the Tomo-e Gozen. We are particularly grateful to T. Sakamoto for the suggestions on the structure of the paper and to T. Moriya for the discussion on the spectral index and on the GRB-SNe classes distinction. We thank G. Sarracino for his help in modifying our host extinction code in Python and R. Fatima for performing some of the fitting; J. Oska, G. Kr{\.z}el, Z. Kania, C. Wala, S. Gupta, N. Osborne and E. Johnson for data gathering; A. Rabda, N. Osborne, and D. Zhou for the fitting of some GRB LCs; and B. Simone for help with conversions. D.A.K. acknowledges support from Spanish National Research Project RTI2018-098104-J-I00 (GRBPhot). S.Y. and D.L. acknowledge the support by the United States Department of Energy in funding the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program. We thank E. Cuellar for his work in managing the SULI summer program. S.Y. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Vagelos Challenge Award at the University of Pennsylvania. R.L.B. acknowledges support from the DGAPA/UNAM IG100820 and the DGAPA/UNAM postdoctoral fellowship. N.F. acknowledges support from the DGAPA/UNAM IN106521. Some of the data used in this paper were acquired with the RATIR instrument, funded by the University of California and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and the 1.5-meter Harold L. Johnson telescope at the Observatorio Astron{\'o}mico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro M{\'a}rtir, operated and maintained by the Observatorio Astron{\'o}mico Nacional and the Instituto de Astronom{\'i}a of the Universidad Nacional Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico. Operations are partially funded by the Universidad Nacional Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico (DGAPA/PAPIIT IG100414, IT102715, AG100317, IN109418, IG100820, IN106521, and IN105921). We acknowledge the contribution of Leonid Georgiev and Neil Gehrels to the development of RATIR. M.F., L.Z., and A.Z. are grateful for the support from the Scientific Caribbean Foundation. E.S. thanks the Latino Education Advancement Foundation for their support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4365/ac7c64",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "261",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",
issn = "0067-0049",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",
}