The measurement outage table and state estimation

State estimation uses measurements to obtain important power system operating information ("states"). This paper uses a tabular representation to quantify the effects of measurement failure (i.e., sensor failure or measurement communications failure). The concept of a measurement outage table is introduced to evaluate the state estimator performance under measurement failure conditions. The concept of a condition indicator is used and this includes a study of certain elements of the singular spectrum of the state estimator process matrix. Examples are shown to illustrate the concept. The analysis also shows that using condition indicators for measurement placement may improve the response of the state estimator under measurement failure conditions.