@article{dc9c8b794c1b4141bedd94f13280bc90,
title = "The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries. IV: Global Access Strategies",
abstract = "This paper offers a framework for managing a comprehensive Global Access Strategy for new vaccines in developing countries. It is aimed at strengthening the ability of public-sector entities to reach their goals. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation have been leaders in stimulating the creation of new organizations - public/private product development partnerships (PDPs) - that seek to accelerate vaccine development and distribution to meet the health needs of the world's poor. Case studies of two of these PDPs - the Salmonella Anti-pneumococcal Vaccine Program and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative - examine development of such strategies. Relying on the application of innovation theory, the strategy leads to the identification of six Components of Innovation which cover all aspects of the vaccine innovation process. Appropriately modified, the proposed framework can be applied to the development and introduction of other products in developing countries including drugs, and nutritional and agricultural products.",
keywords = "Access, Developing country, Innovation, Vaccine",
author = "Mahoney, {Richard T.} and Anatole Krattiger and Clemens, {John D.} and Roy Curtiss",
note = "Funding Information: New programs have been developed for vaccines against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, pneumococcus, cholera, typhoid, shigellosis, dengue, hookworm, and other diseases. A majority of the funding for these programs comes from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The Rockefeller Foundation has also continued to play an important catalytic role in launching such programs and in stimulating new approaches to problem solving. The work reported in this paper was largely stimulated and supported by the Rockefeller Foundation. Both foundations are trying to improve the health of the poor in developing countries and to help ensure that its programs contribute to achieving this goal, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has requested that its grantees prepare a comprehensive Strategy. The development of such a Strategy involves not only the design of complex research and development (R&D) programs but also the careful consideration of interconnected issues related to drug and vaccine regulations, intellectual property (IP) and licensing, manufacturing, distribution, trade, and socio-economic issues. Funding Information: We have prepared such strategies for two programs supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: the Salmonella Anti-pneumococcal Vaccine Program (SAPVP) at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA, and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) at the International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul, Korea (the latter has also received support from The Rockefeller Foundation). This paper describes the intellectual framework for the strategies. Funding Information: We acknowledge the financial support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation. The IVI is supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and by the governments of Korea and Kuwait. We specifically note the valuable inputs of Mr. Eric Iverson and Dr. Hannah Kettler of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and of Dr. Ariel Pablos-Mendez formerly of The Rockefeller Foundation, and Dr. Charles Gardner, a current foundation employee. We are greatly appreciative of extensive conversations with numerous other colleagues especially the many scholars of innovation studies who attended the two Bellagio conferences. This work would not have been possible without the brilliant and path making contributions of Prof. Sanjaya Lall. Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2007",
month = may,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.047",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "25",
pages = "4003--4011",
journal = "Vaccine",
issn = "0264-410X",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "20",
}