TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of combined health factors on cardiovascular disease mortality
AU - Mitchell, Jonathan A.
AU - Bornstein, Daniel B.
AU - Sui, Xuemei
AU - Hooker, Steven P.
AU - Church, Timothy S.
AU - Lee, Chong
AU - Lee, Duck Chul
AU - Blair, Steven N.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the Cooper Clinic physicians and technicians for collecting the baseline data, and the staff at the Cooper Institute for data entry and data management. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AG06945 and HL62508 , and in part by an unrestricted research grant from The Coca-Cola Company .
Funding Information:
The ACLS was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AG06945 and HL62508 . This work was also supported in part by an unrestricted research grant from The Coca-Cola Company . The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of this study, all study analyses, the drafting and editing of the paper, and its final contents.
PY - 2010/7
Y1 - 2010/7
N2 - Background: The combined effect of modifiable health factors on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has not been well established. The objective of this study was to determine the association between 5 modifiable health factors in combination on the risk of CVD mortality in a sample of adult men. Methods: A cohort of 38,110 men (aged 20-84 years and of middle and upper socioeconomic strata) was followed over time until their date of death or December 31, 2003. A health profile score (unweighted and weighted) was developed based on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; moderate or high vs low), self-reported physical activity (active vs inactive), smoking status (not current vs current), alcohol consumption (1-14 drinks per week vs 0 or >14 drinks per week), and body mass index (BMI; 18.5-24.9 vs ≥25.0 kg/m 2). Results: During 16.1 ± 8.4 years of follow-up and 613,571 man-years of exposure, there were 949 deaths from CVD. High CRF, normal BMI, being physically active, and not currently smoking were individually associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality after adjusting for confounders. When considered in combination, a minimum of 2 of 5 positive health factors reduced the risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.91). The weighted score indicated that a combination of high CRF, not currently smoking, and normal BMI is of most clinical importance to CVD mortality (hazard ratio = 0.31, 95% CI 0.24-0.39). Conclusions: Exposure to increasing numbers of beneficial health factors in adulthood reduced the risk of CVD mortality in men, and multibehavioral prevention efforts in adulthood should be encouraged.
AB - Background: The combined effect of modifiable health factors on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has not been well established. The objective of this study was to determine the association between 5 modifiable health factors in combination on the risk of CVD mortality in a sample of adult men. Methods: A cohort of 38,110 men (aged 20-84 years and of middle and upper socioeconomic strata) was followed over time until their date of death or December 31, 2003. A health profile score (unweighted and weighted) was developed based on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; moderate or high vs low), self-reported physical activity (active vs inactive), smoking status (not current vs current), alcohol consumption (1-14 drinks per week vs 0 or >14 drinks per week), and body mass index (BMI; 18.5-24.9 vs ≥25.0 kg/m 2). Results: During 16.1 ± 8.4 years of follow-up and 613,571 man-years of exposure, there were 949 deaths from CVD. High CRF, normal BMI, being physically active, and not currently smoking were individually associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality after adjusting for confounders. When considered in combination, a minimum of 2 of 5 positive health factors reduced the risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.91). The weighted score indicated that a combination of high CRF, not currently smoking, and normal BMI is of most clinical importance to CVD mortality (hazard ratio = 0.31, 95% CI 0.24-0.39). Conclusions: Exposure to increasing numbers of beneficial health factors in adulthood reduced the risk of CVD mortality in men, and multibehavioral prevention efforts in adulthood should be encouraged.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77955705423&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77955705423&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 20598979
AN - SCOPUS:77955705423
SN - 0002-8703
VL - 160
SP - 102
EP - 108
JO - American Heart Journal
JF - American Heart Journal
IS - 1
ER -