@article{bb18bbbea9c04aada2f3cb3898786759,
title = "The human genome project after a decade: Policy issues",
abstract = "The Human Genome Project began a decade ago, its early momentum fueled by two reports. A report from the National Research Council (NRC) in February 1998 endorsed the project and provided the basis for the first joint plan by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE). A report from the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) in April 1988, provided Congress with a means to assess the roles of NIH and DOE. Both reports highlighted the importance of genomics and emphasized the need for a concerted research program. The committees did not predict the large investment of private funds or the extensive patenting of sequences, and they underestimated the rate of progress. Overall, though, the consensus-building provided by the committees helped to set the blueprint for one of the great success stories in modern biology.",
author = "John Burris and Robert Cook-Deegan and Bruce Alberts",
note = "Funding Information: The Human Genome Project began a decade ago, its early momentum fueled by two reports. A report from the National Research Council (NRC) in February 1998 endorsed the project and provided the basis for the first joint plan by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE). A report from the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) in April 1988, provided Congress with a means to assess the roles of NIH and DOE. Both reports highlighted the importance of genomics and emphasized the need for a concerted research program. The committees did not predict the large investment of private funds or the extensive patenting of sequences, and they underestimated the rate of progress. Overall, though, the consensus-building provided by the committees helped to set the blueprint for one of the great success stories in modern biology. Funding Information: Congress chose to maintain a dispersed funding base for the human genome project, with NIH and DOE as major players, but also with participation from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Department of Defense. This diversity increased the funding reservoir for the project, and it created a variety of funding mechanisms and constituencies. The NIH{\textquoteright}s National Human Genome Research Institute (previously Office, and then National Center for Human Genome Research), although not initially designated an {\textquoteleft}official{\textquoteright} lead for the project, has become the largest player and has thus often led. In other areas, DOE has taken the federal lead, for example by encouraging cDNA sequencing and some special mapping and instrumentation projects. This has provided a good solution to the management of the project in the United States.",
year = "1998",
doi = "10.1038/3803",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "20",
pages = "333--335",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
issn = "1061-4036",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "4",
}