@article{665d677bae60497dbc97ce5d205df42d,
title = "The boron isotope geochemistry of smectites from sodium, magnesium and calcium bentonite deposits",
abstract = " The mineralogical, chemical and isotopic analyses of smectites, with variable interlayer cation occupancies, from bentonite deposits in various depositional environments, reveal new insights into the boron sources and the fluids involved in bentonitization in marine and non-marine environments. Smectites from bentonites have non-exchangeable, structural boron concentrations of 0.2 to 196 μg/g B. Smectites from sodium bentonites have higher boron concentrations (>30 μg/g) than those from magnesium or calcium bentonites. Most smectites have a small, interstratified illitic component that has a major influence on boron concentrations, requiring the use of modified fluid-mineral boron partitioning coefficients, which indicate that bentonites formed from fluids of highly variable boron concentrations of <0.1 mg/L B to >100 mg/L B, and a chlorine content of 76.4 mg/L to 59,076 mg/L. The sodium bentonites formed from boron-rich saline fluids or brines whereas the fluids involved in calcium and magnesium bentonite formation have a more variable boron composition and salinity. The δ 11 B values of the structural boron in tetrahedral sites of smectites range from −30.1‰ to +12.2‰. The smectites from terrestrial depositional settings have δ 11 B values of −30.1‰ to about 0‰ whereas smectites from marine depositional settings have negative as well as positive δ 11 B values. The boron isotope values indicate that all examined bentonites from terrestrial depositional settings as well as many bentonites from marine depositional settings formed from basinal fluids or brines. The boron isotope geochemistry of smectites is demonstrated to be a tool for elucidating the fluids involved in the formation of clay mineral deposits. It also has great potential for tracing fluids in other settings involving authigenic clay minerals such as sedimentary basins and surficial crystalline rocks, as well as man-made applications such as in disposal sites for highly active nuclear waste. ",
keywords = "Bentonite, Boron, Boron isotopes, PGAA, SIMS, Salinity, Smectite",
author = "K{\"o}ster, {M. H.} and Lynda Williams and P. Kudejova and Gilg, {H. A.}",
note = "Funding Information: This publication is part of the first author's doctoral research at the Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Ingenieurgeologie, Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, Germany, supervised by Prof. Dr. H. Albert Gilg. Dr. Christoph Mayr at the Institut f{\"u}r Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg, Germany kindly analyzed the carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of carbonates. We are grateful for access to bentonite mines granted by Bernhard Ratzke, S{\"u}d-Chemie AG (now Clariant), and the cooperation of Ulrich Boehnke, S&B Industrial Minerals (now Imerys). We would also like to thank Dr. Zsolt Revay at the Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) for the excellent support at the PGAA instrument. We are grateful for the efforts of the reviewers Martin Palmer and the anonymous reviewer. Their comments greatly improved the quality and intelligibility of the manuscript. The SIMS boron isotope analyses were financially supported by the Clay Minerals Society Student Research Grant 2014. SIMS analyses were conducted at the Arizona State University National SIMS Facility supported the US National Science Foundation grant (EAR 1352996 ). Carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis by the Society of Economic Geologists SEG Graduate Fellowship Award 2012. Funding Information: This publication is part of the first author's doctoral research at the Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Ingenieurgeologie, Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, Germany, supervised by Prof. Dr. H. Albert Gilg. Dr. Christoph Mayr at the Institut f{\"u}r Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg, Germany kindly analyzed the carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of carbonates. We are grateful for access to bentonite mines granted by Bernhard Ratzke, S{\"u}d-Chemie AG (now Clariant), and the cooperation of Ulrich Boehnke, S&B Industrial Minerals (now Imerys). We would also like to thank Dr. Zsolt Revay at the Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) for the excellent support at the PGAA instrument. We are grateful for the efforts of the reviewers Martin Palmer and the anonymous reviewer. Their comments greatly improved the quality and intelligibility of the manuscript. The SIMS boron isotope analyses were financially supported by the Clay Minerals Society Student Research Grant 2014. SIMS analyses were conducted at the Arizona State University National SIMS Facility supported the US National Science Foundation grant (EAR 1352996). Carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis by the Society of Economic Geologists SEG Graduate Fellowship Award 2012. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2019",
month = apr,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.12.035",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "510",
pages = "166--187",
journal = "Chemical Geology",
issn = "0009-2541",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}