TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association of Alcohol and Drug Use with Persistence of Violent Offending in Young Adulthood
AU - White, Helene R.
AU - Buckman, Jennifer
AU - Pardini, Dustin
AU - Loeber, Rolf
N1 - Funding Information:
The writing of this paper was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA034608) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA017473). The Pittsburgh Youth Study has also received funding from National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA011018), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ARRA AA016798), National Institute of Mental Health (MH48890, MH50778, MH078039, MH056630), Pew Charitable Trusts, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (96-MU-FX-0012), and the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Points of view, opinions, and content in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice and National Institutes of Health. We thank Rebecca Stallings for help with the data set, Theresa Simpson for her help with preliminary analyses, and three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions.
Funding Information:
The writing of this paper was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA034608) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA017473). The Pittsburgh Youth Study has also received funding from National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA011018), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ARRA AA016798), National Institute of Mental Health (MH48890, MH50778, MH078039, MH056630), Pew Charitable Trusts, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (96-MU-FX-0012), and the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Points of view, opinions, and content in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice and National Institutes of Health. We thank Rebecca Stallings for help with the data set, Theresa Simpson for her help with preliminary analyses, and three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. This study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and has therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study (participants gave assent through age 17 and written consent thereafter; a primary caretaker gave written consent until the participants men provided their own written consent). The authors report no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer International Publishing AG.
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - Purpose: This study expanded upon an earlier study, which examined the associations between heavy drinking and persistence of serious violent offending through emerging adulthood (approximate age 25), by examining associations between alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use and disorders and persistence of serious violent offending through young adulthood (approximate age 36). Methods: We used official records and self-reported longitudinal data from Black and White men from early adolescence through young adulthood (n = 391). Men were divided into four violence groups: non-violent, desisters, persisters, and very late-onsetters. Multinomial logistic regression analyses controlling for race and incarceration were used to compare these groups in terms of substance use in young adulthood and changes in use from emerging to young adulthood. Results: Most previous serious violent offenders did not re-offend in young adulthood. Whereas alcohol use did not differ across groups, persisters and desisters, compared to non-violent men, were more likely to use hard drugs, deal drugs, have a lifetime substance use disorder diagnosis, and show larger decreases in alcohol and marijuana frequency from emerging to young adulthood. None of these measures differed between persisters and desisters except that persisters reported larger decreases in alcohol and marijuana use frequency. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated reductions in serious violent offending during young adulthood and suggested that after adolescence, illicit drug use, compared to alcohol use, may play a more important role in initiation and maintenance of serious violent offending. Future research that examines the interrelations of drug use, drug culture, and violence is warranted.
AB - Purpose: This study expanded upon an earlier study, which examined the associations between heavy drinking and persistence of serious violent offending through emerging adulthood (approximate age 25), by examining associations between alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use and disorders and persistence of serious violent offending through young adulthood (approximate age 36). Methods: We used official records and self-reported longitudinal data from Black and White men from early adolescence through young adulthood (n = 391). Men were divided into four violence groups: non-violent, desisters, persisters, and very late-onsetters. Multinomial logistic regression analyses controlling for race and incarceration were used to compare these groups in terms of substance use in young adulthood and changes in use from emerging to young adulthood. Results: Most previous serious violent offenders did not re-offend in young adulthood. Whereas alcohol use did not differ across groups, persisters and desisters, compared to non-violent men, were more likely to use hard drugs, deal drugs, have a lifetime substance use disorder diagnosis, and show larger decreases in alcohol and marijuana frequency from emerging to young adulthood. None of these measures differed between persisters and desisters except that persisters reported larger decreases in alcohol and marijuana use frequency. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated reductions in serious violent offending during young adulthood and suggested that after adolescence, illicit drug use, compared to alcohol use, may play a more important role in initiation and maintenance of serious violent offending. Future research that examines the interrelations of drug use, drug culture, and violence is warranted.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Dealing
KW - Desistance
KW - Marijuana
KW - Persistence
KW - Substance use
KW - Violence
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U2 - 10.1007/s40865-015-0015-0
DO - 10.1007/s40865-015-0015-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84981696402
SN - 2199-4641
VL - 1
SP - 289
EP - 303
JO - Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
JF - Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
IS - 3
ER -