Testing strategies to increase use of chloroquine chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy in Malaŵi

The widespread problem of low and non-compliance to antimalarial chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy demands that attention be focused on alternative approaches to programming, product acceptability and demand for preventive services. This study describes the testing of three interventions to determine their effect on use of chloroquine (currently the most widely used drug for chemoprophylaxis) during pregnancy. The strategies evolved from community-based formative research undertaken to learn about the local concept of malaria and issues surrounding malaria prevention and treatment during pregnancy. The resulting interventions were tested in four clinics, and included a change in the health education message given during antenatal sessions, distribution of a sugar-coated chloroquine tablet, and an intervention combining the two strategies. The results showed a 45% increase in chloroquine use when the health education message was changed, and a 64% increase when the product was changed. High use levels were maintained with the combined intervention; an additive effect was seen. The study shows that improving the product was the most important factor in increasing the use of the program, and that changing the health education message can also make an impact on use.