TY - JOUR
T1 - Terminal Identities
T2 - The Racial Classification of Immigrants in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century Death Records
AU - McDermott, Monica
N1 - Funding Information:
I would like to thank Susannah Leong for research assistance and Rebecca Sandefur for comments on an earlier draft.
Publisher Copyright:
© American Sociological Association 2017.
PY - 2018/7
Y1 - 2018/7
N2 - Death certificates are a means of assessing the racial classification of foreign-born Americans that is based neither on a set of formal racial identification criteria nor self-identification. Instead, local informants typically report the race of decedents. According to a sample of 1,884 records filed between 1859 and 1960, individuals born in China were progressively less likely to be identified by racial terms (e.g., white or yellow) and more likely to be identified by their country of origin (e.g., Chinese). The opposite is true for those born in Mexico or Puerto Rico, who are less likely over time to be identified as Mexican or Puerto Rican and more likely to be identified with a racial term—typically white. Most of the records analyzed are from southern states (n = 1,335), although an additional 548 records, primarily from Illinois and Ohio, are compared to the southern records. In some cases, white identity can serve as a mark of racial confusion, acting as a default or neutral identity rather than a mark of privilege. Conversely, it can represent a status that is actively striven for to provide freedom from discriminatory treatment. It serves primarily as the former for those born in China and the latter for those born in Mexico and Puerto Rico.
AB - Death certificates are a means of assessing the racial classification of foreign-born Americans that is based neither on a set of formal racial identification criteria nor self-identification. Instead, local informants typically report the race of decedents. According to a sample of 1,884 records filed between 1859 and 1960, individuals born in China were progressively less likely to be identified by racial terms (e.g., white or yellow) and more likely to be identified by their country of origin (e.g., Chinese). The opposite is true for those born in Mexico or Puerto Rico, who are less likely over time to be identified as Mexican or Puerto Rican and more likely to be identified with a racial term—typically white. Most of the records analyzed are from southern states (n = 1,335), although an additional 548 records, primarily from Illinois and Ohio, are compared to the southern records. In some cases, white identity can serve as a mark of racial confusion, acting as a default or neutral identity rather than a mark of privilege. Conversely, it can represent a status that is actively striven for to provide freedom from discriminatory treatment. It serves primarily as the former for those born in China and the latter for those born in Mexico and Puerto Rico.
KW - immigrants
KW - racial identity
KW - racialization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069928706&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069928706&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/2332649217709292
DO - 10.1177/2332649217709292
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85069928706
SN - 2332-6492
VL - 4
SP - 400
EP - 416
JO - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
JF - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
IS - 3
ER -