TY - GEN
T1 - Synchrotron X-ray characterization of alkali elements at grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
AU - West, Bradley
AU - Stuckelberger, Michael
AU - Guthrey, Harvey
AU - Chen, Lei
AU - Lai, Barry
AU - Maser, Jorg
AU - Rose, Volker
AU - Dynes, James J.
AU - Shafarman, William
AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak
AU - Bertoni, Mariana
N1 - Funding Information:
Bradley West is supported by an IGERT-SUN fellowship funded by the National Science Foundation (Award 1144616). We acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-EE0005848. Work at the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research described in this paper was in part performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the University of Saskatchewan, the Government of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, the National Research Council Canada, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 IEEE.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - It is well known that the addition of alkali elements such as Na and K during and after growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) has beneficial effects on the electronic properties of bulk material, improving device performance significantly. While the device level effects have been measured and reported, a direct observations of the localization of Na including its chemical nature are missing, and the impact of Na on elemental and phase segregation during CIGS growth is not fully understood. We investigate these aspects to shine light on the role of Na in CIGS solar cells with the ultimate goal of increasing their conversion efficiency. Utilizing a suite of synchrotron based x-ray characterization techniques, we discuss the challenges and advantages of these techniques for investigating segregation of main constituents of CIGS, Na distribution, chemical bonding of Na, and collection efficiency in CIGS as well as their correlations.
AB - It is well known that the addition of alkali elements such as Na and K during and after growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) has beneficial effects on the electronic properties of bulk material, improving device performance significantly. While the device level effects have been measured and reported, a direct observations of the localization of Na including its chemical nature are missing, and the impact of Na on elemental and phase segregation during CIGS growth is not fully understood. We investigate these aspects to shine light on the role of Na in CIGS solar cells with the ultimate goal of increasing their conversion efficiency. Utilizing a suite of synchrotron based x-ray characterization techniques, we discuss the challenges and advantages of these techniques for investigating segregation of main constituents of CIGS, Na distribution, chemical bonding of Na, and collection efficiency in CIGS as well as their correlations.
KW - Alkali
KW - CIGS
KW - Grain boundaries
KW - Na
KW - XRF
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048480737&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366075
DO - 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366075
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85048480737
T3 - 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2017
SP - 1259
EP - 1263
BT - 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2017
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 44th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2017
Y2 - 25 June 2017 through 30 June 2017
ER -