Surface water and ground-water thresholds for maintaining Populus-Salix forests, San Pedro River, Arizona

Agriculture & Biology

• Populus fremontii 100%
• Salix gooddingii 97%
• Salix 71%
• surface water 65%
• groundwater 64%
• Tamarix ramosissima 64%
• overland flow 62%
• Populus 59%
• rivers 47%
• canopy height 26%
• water table 24%
• shrublands 21%
• groundwater flow 19%
• hydrologic factors 17%
• forest decline 14%
• Tamarix 14%
• wildlife habitats 14%
• Southwestern United States 13%
• pioneer species 12%
• Eurasia 12%
• vegetation structure 11%
• willows 11%
• age structure 10%
• species abundance 10%
• invasive species 10%
• woodlands 9%
• managers 9%
• community structure 9%
• plant response 8%
• population structure 8%
• shrubs 8%
• water 8%
• drought 7%
• species diversity 7%
• ecosystems 7%
• vegetation 7%
• leaves 4%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• surface water 40%
• groundwater 36%
• river 29%
• shrubland 27%
• water availability 24%
• canopy 19%
• restoration 17%
• physiological response 14%
• wildlife habitat 14%
• vegetation structure 13%
• age class 13%
• habitat quality 13%
• population structure 12%
• invasive species 12%
• woodland 11%
• groundwater flow 11%
• water table 11%
• physical process 10%
• shrub 10%
• plant species 10%
• community structure 10%
• deep water 9%
• water level 9%
• drought 9%
• vegetation 7%
• ecosystem 7%