TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ecosystem service supply and demand across the conterminous United States
T2 - A multiscale analysis
AU - Sun, Xiao
AU - Tang, Huajun
AU - Yang, Peng
AU - Hu, Guang
AU - Liu, Zhenhuan
AU - Wu, Jianguo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 41871358 ]; the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant No. 2017YFD0300201 ]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant No. 2018M640207 ]; and Ministry of Finance of China through the Non-Profit National Research Institute [Grant No. Y2017JC30 ]. Appendix A
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 41871358]; the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant No. 2017YFD0300201]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant No. 2018M640207]; and Ministry of Finance of China through the Non-Profit National Research Institute [Grant No. Y2017JC30].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/2/10
Y1 - 2020/2/10
N2 - Land-use and land-cover changes associated with urbanization have significantly influenced biodiversity and ecosystem functions, as well as the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs). Assessing ESs and exploring their drivers are critical for regional land-use planning and ecological sustainability. In this study, the supply-demand matrix approach was used to quantify ES supply, demand, and their gap at multiple scales across the conterminous United States from 1940 to 2011. A new integrated measurement framework was proposed to offset ES deficits by identifying an optimal land-use conversion strategy. We focused on exploring the scale and spatial effects of the impacts of various drivers on ESs using ordination and regression analysis. The results showed that the expansion of developed land led to decreased ES supply and increased ES demand during the past seven decades, generating growing ES deficits at different scales, especially in highly urbanized metropolitan areas. To alleviate or offset ES deficits, promoting the intensive utilization of developed land and converting cropland, pasture, and barren land into forests would be the optimal land use strategies. Moreover, the drivers of ESs exhibited not only scale dependence but also spatial heterogeneity. The smaller the scale, the more diverse the drivers. The natural and socioeconomic drivers explained less variation at the metropolitan scale than at the state scale. Economic factors were key drivers for ESs at the state scale, while social factors were key drivers at the metropolitan scale. The regression coefficients for the drivers of ESs in the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model showed remarkable spatial heterogeneity. The GWR coefficients might have important implications for decision making in ES management. Localized and efficient land-use strategies and management policies are needed to reduce the ecological footprints of urban areas and thus achieve regional sustainability.
AB - Land-use and land-cover changes associated with urbanization have significantly influenced biodiversity and ecosystem functions, as well as the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs). Assessing ESs and exploring their drivers are critical for regional land-use planning and ecological sustainability. In this study, the supply-demand matrix approach was used to quantify ES supply, demand, and their gap at multiple scales across the conterminous United States from 1940 to 2011. A new integrated measurement framework was proposed to offset ES deficits by identifying an optimal land-use conversion strategy. We focused on exploring the scale and spatial effects of the impacts of various drivers on ESs using ordination and regression analysis. The results showed that the expansion of developed land led to decreased ES supply and increased ES demand during the past seven decades, generating growing ES deficits at different scales, especially in highly urbanized metropolitan areas. To alleviate or offset ES deficits, promoting the intensive utilization of developed land and converting cropland, pasture, and barren land into forests would be the optimal land use strategies. Moreover, the drivers of ESs exhibited not only scale dependence but also spatial heterogeneity. The smaller the scale, the more diverse the drivers. The natural and socioeconomic drivers explained less variation at the metropolitan scale than at the state scale. Economic factors were key drivers for ESs at the state scale, while social factors were key drivers at the metropolitan scale. The regression coefficients for the drivers of ESs in the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model showed remarkable spatial heterogeneity. The GWR coefficients might have important implications for decision making in ES management. Localized and efficient land-use strategies and management policies are needed to reduce the ecological footprints of urban areas and thus achieve regional sustainability.
KW - Drivers
KW - ES gap
KW - ES supply and demand
KW - Ecosystem services (ESs)
KW - Land-use change
KW - Multiple scales
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074797869&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85074797869&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135005
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135005
M3 - Article
C2 - 31733497
AN - SCOPUS:85074797869
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 703
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 135005
ER -