Space radiation effects in silicon solar cells: Physics based models, software, simulation and radiation effect mitigation

Physics & Astronomy

• extraterrestrial radiation 100%
• radiation effects 84%
• solar cells 56%
• computer programs 55%
• physics 48%
• simulation 29%
• engineering 22%
• photovoltaic cells 18%
• radiation tolerance 18%
• space missions 18%
• hardness 18%
• damage 16%
• radiation damage 15%
• lunar environment 13%
• manufacturing 12%
• radiation 12%
• solar arrays 10%
• electroplating 9%
• proton energy 8%
• particle energy 8%
• bombardment 7%
• lithium 6%
• heterojunctions 6%
• costs 5%
• wafers 5%
• impurities 5%
• causes 4%
• defects 4%
• silicon 4%